Personally I consider carbs a ceiling, protein a goal and fats as filler as needed to meet my calorie goal/satiety.

Since your body cannot produce its own protein, you should make sure to eat enough on a daily basis. What you actually need depends on the demand of your individual body. If you're exercising in such a way that is stressing your muscles, then you will require more protein than when you don't do that.
Protein cannot be stored by the body without first being converted to glucose (not fat), so this is what gets everyone all wired up about protein. You'd have to eat quite a lot of it in one sitting for that to happen. I don't know the exact numbers but you'd probably be too full to actually eat the amount you'd need for that to be a big problem. It would be easier to overeat protein if you're eating lean meats, so that's why the advice is to always eat fatty meats. Or add fat to lean meats... Then you won't be able to overeat protein.
This kind of talk is where people get "add fat" to everything all confused in my opinion. Your body has fat. If you don't eat enough to supply your energy needs, then it will just use what it has stored. That's why it's there. Now, you don't want to be super low calorie every day for months and months because you may then damage your metabolism. But way under eating some days, is fine. If you're NOT hungry. As long as you also respect your body and eat over on the days that you are hungrier. It balances out. Learning to follow hunger queues is very important for long term maintenance. So you DO NOT have to force feed yourself extra calories or fat just because some calculator says to.
As far as carbs go, just decide if ketosis is your goal or not and if so, stick to 20-30g Max a day. I'd personally skip this net carb business because it gets sticky sometimes and could interfere with your goal of ketosis, if that's your goal.
If you eat fatty meats and non starchy veggies, you don't even need to worry about macros, it will balance out because those are the right foods like Bob was talking about. If you're making Keto "faux foods" and desserts, then I'd watch macros more closely because those can have different ratios and throw things off in one direction or another. I think they complicate a very simple way of eating.

1. Does eating too much protein throw you out of ketosis and convert to fat, or is that a myth?

- Eating too much protein can cause your body to convert it to glucose (a type of carbs) but not to fat. It takes alot of protein to do this though and your body has to work harder to covert it so if you're eating enough fat (and few enough carbs) your body will use the fat over the protein. You can often notice you're eating too much protein if your breath becomes putrid/you begin to develop cystic acne around your face and jaw line. Using a good keto calculator will help you to keep your protein levels in check. I recommend this one: http://keto-calculator.ankerl.com/

2. If I eat high fat will my body merely burn the fat I'm eating for fuel instead of my body fat and stall weight loss?
- Weight loss is all about calories in versus calories out. Your body will burn the fat you are eating for fuel but if you are tracking your calories and eating below the amount you burn then you will lose weight. The above calculator will help you work out how many calories you burn and how many you need eat to lose weight.

3. How much fat is too much fat?
- Again, the calculator will tell you.

4. If I eat very little fat, and I eat very little carbs, how do I get enough calories in to feel satisfied/satiated, without eating huge amounts of protein?! I thought FAT was how that was accomplished? No?
- Carbs, fat and protein are the three groups of foods. If you lower one you must raise another. As before the body finds it difficult to convert protein to fuel, if you are following a low carb or keto diet you need to raise your fat intake to meet your calories and fuel your body. Both fat and protein should help you feel full.

5. The most common macros I see related to eating Keto/LCHF is 5% carbs, 20% protein, 75% fat. I was referred to a chart today called Optimal Ketogenic Living... One set of macros on the chart is based on height, another set is based on your lean body mass, but of course I was told I can't use the LBM macros because body fat monitors are inaccurate (I have an omron BF% monitor). If I set my macros to the ones based on my height my macros come out to 6% carbs, 40% protein, and 54% fat. Will those macros really "optimize" weight loss?

- Again weight loss is based on calories in versus calories out. No matter what your percentage split its all based on how many calories that 100% adds up to. Generally speaking most people chose less than 50g or less a day to get into and stay keto. You can use the calculator to make up the amount of protein and fat around this. It will tell you when something is too high and how many calories to lose weight.

6. I was under the impression that macros are a ceiling, not a goal, but now I've been told that protein should be a goal and fat and carbs are a ceiling?

- I haven't heard these terms before but the general rules are that if you want to stay in keto you need to stay under your carb amount (ceiling) and consume enough fat for fuel (goal) and protein to prevent muscle loss (goal) without going over these which will raise your total calorie count and incur weight gain.

I hope this helps x