Eating Enough Protein

How did you figure your protein intake? Your best bet is to do 1g/kg body weight. I looked at your diary, and if your sticking with the 1780 calories, 186g of protein is high. You only need 15-30% of your kcals to come from protein.

This TDEE calculator is telling me to eat 1g/lb of body weight, which is 186.2 g of protein per day. Will 15-30% prevent muscle catabolization? I don't want to go through the process of losing weight to lose muscle since I can't lift weights until February. Don't get me wrong, I am not super muscular or anything but I don't want to be burning muscle instead of fat.

The most common recommendations are 1g per kg of body weight or 1g per pound of LBM. Unless you're a super serious weight trainer and actively trying to put on muscle, there is probably no need to eat 1g per lb of total body weight in protein. Your body can only actually use so much of it, and the rest is wasted anyway. Plus, studies have shown that eating more than 35% of your calories as protein is where you can start to risk too much protein.

And honestly, what keeps you from losing muscle is USING muscle, so you can eat all the protein you want, but if you aren't planning to start strength training until February, you'll still lose muscle as you lose weight.

This TDEE calculator is telling me to eat 1g/lb of body weight, which is 186.2 g of protein per day. Will 15-30% prevent muscle catabolization? I don't want to go through the process of losing weight to lose muscle since I can't lift weights until February. Don't get me wrong, I am not super muscular or anything but I don't want to be burning muscle instead of fat.

If you re not lifting, you will not need quite so much. If you are not lifting however and are worried about muscle loss, I would not be at a deficit in the first place. Try to get some kind of resistance training in.

That being said, I get over 165g a day.

http://www.myfitnesspal.com/topics/show/926789-protein-sources

I think the 1 gram per lb of LBM if you are lifting and in a deficit should be achieved, in a surplus you wouldn't need quite as much.
I will point out that you should be in a well structured strength training routine that challenges your muscles, and your deficit should not be too large, the smaller your deficit the less muscle you will lose as a % of your weight loss. So I suggest setting your weight loss goal to 0.5lbs/week and to eat back the cals burned from exercise, or most of them anyway. If you are using the TDEE method exercise cals are included, and I would suggest eating at TDEE-10 to 15% not the 20% that most sites recommend.

Just wondering if you like beer?

Eat lots of meat. Check my diary if you're wondering how it can be done. I regularly get 200g a day with no shakes. Make protein sources the main focus of your meals and you will have no problem.

Just wondering if you like beer?

Eat lots of meat. Check my diary if you're wondering how it can be done. I regularly get 200g a day with no shakes. Make protein sources the main focus of your meals and you will have no problem.

I've been known to dabble in fine brews from time to time.

I have a problem getting protein myself so eat a tablespoon of peanut butter or eat a hard boiled egg at breakfast every morning........

It can be done. I guess your daily calories goals can make a difference. Hard to get 186 grams of protein plus balance on only 1200 calories.
I eat anywhere from 1600 to 2000 calories a day (gross, not net) and manage from 100-150 grams of protein. I only take one scoop of whey immediately after CrossFit a few days a week, all other protein comes from food sources and that should be the goal. Suppliments are just that... suppliments. My protein comes from eggs/ egg whites, chicken, non fat Greek yogurt, skim milk, cottage cheese and extra lean cuts of beef plus the protein found in the vegetables I eat and a bit in grains too. It definitely requires some discipline to get your macros lined up right. Ive done it enough now that its not too much trouble, but in the beginning it can take a bit of planning. To get my protein that high, I shoot for 50-55% carbs, 25-30% protein, and 15-20% fat. Example: today I had 294 grams carbs, 153 protein and 42 fat. That put my macros right in check at 54%, 28%, and 18%. This was with 2075 calories. As long as you make the calories count, it works.

Eat lots of meat. Check my diary if you're wondering how it can be done. I regularly get 200g a day with no shakes. Make protein sources the main focus of your meals and you will have no problem.

What would you suggest for those folks on a budget that makes large amounts of meat cost-prohibitive, or who have ethical qualms (which I'm loathe to debate) about eating animal flesh?

Eggs

Here are a couple of blog posts I did a while back that cover determining TDEE and macro percentages. I think you have it set wrong, so do this math and see how much you really need.

http://www.myfitnesspal.com/blog/TrainingWithTonya/view/bmr-rmr-eer-and-tdee-formulas-262109

http://www.myfitnesspal.com/blog/TrainingWithTonya/view/setting-macros-270342