For those who do NOT believe in starvation mode

Sublog

While metabolic slowdown will occur during extremd dieting and weight loss, it will NEVER be enough to overcome a calorie deficit.

Simple law of thermodynamics says I am right. Your body's metabolism will never slow down enough to overcome a low enough deficit.

emmab0902

Yep there's a reason they're called the LAWS of thermodynamics, not the SUGGESTIONS of thermodynamics!

jayliospecky

Hmmm. So what do you say to someone like this, for example. 5'3 female, 120 pounds, desperately wants to lose 10 pounds. Eating 1000 or less calories per day and is horrified that they aren't losing weight. I've seen several of these types, and similar, on MFP, and people usually tell these people they are in starvation mode. Whether it's truly "starvation mode" or not, I think what they're doing is not about fitness or health, and may be the beginnings of an eating disorder. I think the people trying to encourage these types to eat more are still doing the right thing. I would rather see that than encouraging people to deprive their body of nutrients it needs to be at its optimum health. Skinny does not necessarily equate healthy.

So, I can see why people think "starvation mode" is overused. But I have been disheartened at the number of people I have seen who are depriving themselves of food to try and meet an unrealistic goal.

nuttyfamily

I agree with this one. Eating under every now and then will not put you in that mode but months and months of it, yes, I believe it.

I can understand why people would not believe in it because the way it is described on the boards sounds absolutely ridiculous. I do believe it exists but it is truly incredibly rare and takes quite a lot of 'starvation' (not a few weeks or so!).

LorinaLynn

Hmmm. So what do you say to someone like this, for example. 5'3 female, 120 pounds, desperately wants to lose 10 pounds. Eating 1000 or less calories per day and is horrified that they aren't losing weight.

What I'd tell someone like that is to do some math. Figure out an estimate of what their body fat percentage is, and whether or not it's even possible for them to reach their goal weight.

When I was in my early 20s and very thin, I was no more than 115 lbs. I'm a little over ten pounds more than that now, 15 years later, but my (estimated) lean muscle mass is around 103 lbs. I couldn't possibly get to 115 again without either losing good chunk of my hard-earned muscle, or dropping to only having 10% body fat. Neither of those are options I'm willing to do just to be able to say I'm 115 pounds again.

The 5'3, 120 lb girl should do the same calculations and see if what she wants is realistic, or based on some kind of media-fueled ideal of what a woman "should" weigh. (IE, how Playboy Playmates always seem to weigh 108 pounds, no matter how tall or voluptuous they are.)

emmab0902

Unfortunately we can only make healthy choices for ourselves not others. Low calorie diets as they relate to those with eating disorder tendencies is beyond the scope of this thread, but yes those individuals need specialist advice.

calibri

There is too many moving parts in the system for one blanket statement to apply to all cases.

opalmel

Bump

bcattoes

I have done no research on it because I know it will never affect me. I don't like to be hungry so when I get hungry, I eat. But I don't believe it's possible to gain weight on a calorie deficit. Sure, you may lose more slowly because your metabolism slowed, but when people start talking about gaining weight because they ate too little, I just roll my eyes.

jedi9393

Once again here we go.

I wish someone would please, please tell me what I'm doing wrong then!!!!!!!!!!!

Look at my diary. I work out almost every day. This week i'm upping it to 2-3 times a day cause frankly I am desperate. I do cardio and strength training. I am not hungry at all. Dont feel deprived. I've been told over and over again I am in starvation mode. I have gained 3lbs in one month. So If starvation mode does not exist then why am I gaining??? Its not anywhere near my time of the month btw. I am 5'11 278.6 as of today. I'm female 35yrs old. No medical issues.

I am looking for answers and if starvation mode doesnt exist then I must be the freak. I've been eating the same since 08/25/11. In the beginning I lost 15lbs and then after a week another 4, then it slowed down to nothing and now i've gained. I am being told by some that it maybe all the weights I lift that causes water retention. Who knows?

And may I add that I get enough nutrients and protein a day even though I am at or under 1000 calories!! I also take a multivitamin daily.

bcattoes

Once again here we go.

I wish someone would please, please tell me what I'm doing wrong then!!!!!!!!!!!

Look at my diary. I work out almost every day. This week i'm upping it to 2-3 times a day cause frankly I am desperate. I do cardio and strength training. I am not hungry at all. Dont feel deprived. I've been told over and over again I am in starvation mode. I have gained 3lbs in one month. So If starvation mode does not exist then why am I gaining??? Its not anywhere near my time of the month btw. I am 5'11 278.6 as of today. I'm female 35yrs old. No medical issues.

I am looking for answers and if starvation mode doesnt exist then I must be the freak. I've been eating the same since 08/25/11. In the beginning I lost 15lbs and then after a week another 4, then it slowed down to nothing and now i've gained. I am being told by some that it maybe all the weights I lift that causes water retention. Who knows?

And may I add that I get enough nutrients and protein a day even though I am at or under 1000 calories!! I also take a multivitamin daily.

Have you seen a doctor to check for a thyroid disorder? I know that a thyroid disorder can make it very hard to lose weight, but I've never heard of anyone gaining weight on 1000 calorie diet while burning a lot of calories. Most likely you are either over estimating your workouts, or under estimating your food calories.

emmab0902

If that was me I would be asking my doctor to put me in hospital and have them give of a calorie controlled diet and see what happened. Either there is a medical issue or there is something out with your calorie counting. Are you on any medication? Are you counting every single crumb that passes your lips including drinks? Are you weighing all foods?

jedi9393

I dont eat a lot. I over estimate if anything. I eat strict. i dont graze or snack. I had lapband surgery and I'm rarely hungry. So hunger is not the issue for me at all. no I do not weigh my food. I dont have a scale, but with that said I have protein shakes for breakfast so there is nothing to weigh there. I do have a food measuring scoop. I do not eat out at all. I cook my own food. If it cant be measured then I try not to eat it. No processed foods, no soda or caffeine. I drink water and diet caffeine free tea, maybe some crystal light, but thats it. I havent had a soda since 09/01/11! right before my surgery.

I did have blood testing done 4 months back and nothing was abnormal, but I dont know if that included a thyroid test. I have always been a slow slow loser, but in 2009 it took a year for me to lose 60lbs and I didnt count calories, just carbs and i worked out like 3-4 days a week. I know I was eating waaaay over 2000 calories a day. I would have a cheat day once a week--At a BUFFET! I've had one cheat day this time, no buffet of course and blew up by 4lbs.

Never have I worked out this much and dieted so well. Before I ate whatever was low carb and tons of sodium. I would eat beef sticks and cheese all day! I lost at least 5lbs a month. Now, nothing.

I am beyond frustrated to the point of depression. I thought the lapband would help accelerate my weight loss since my hunger is so under controlled, but nope.

emmab0902

How long have you been going for??

Apparently standard thyroid tests can not show up thyroid issues. I am going to have what's called a thyroflex test here if I can track one down.

I would be going back to the doctor telling him the story and asking for every test under the sun.

Have your measurements changed at all - forget the scales.

Bahet

Jedi, I understand COMPLETELY! I don't work out as hard as you do but I am not hungry and still rarely go over 1000 calories a day. The ONLY time I manage to lose weight is if I am on Adkins. I have been at this site for about month. I've lost 10 lbs. It's all been within the last 2 weeks - since I stared back on Atkins. Since that worked for you to I wonder if it might be some sort of allergy we have to sugars or simple carbs or something that our doctors haven't picked up on.

I'm 41 and have had all sorts of tests done. Thyroid is fine. Glucose is fine. Blood pressure is fine. Cholesterol is fine. I told my doc "Basically I'm as healthy as a horse and weigh about as much as one too. Great."

servilia

If you get your thyroid checked make sure they test your FREE T3 and FREE T4 numbers, not just TSH. If you are indeed tracking everything correctly, with a deficit, you shouldn't be gaining if there was no medical issue. Have glucose tests too. Are your periods regular?

itontae

It is such a relief to see so much sense on this thread .
So much nonsense is written about "starvation mode"

Try googling SM , and your computer will suggest "Starvation mode myth" with many excellent links

kapeluza

"I want you to consider a common female client. She's a woman about 5'5" and 185 pounds. A combination of a mostly sedentary lifestyle, quick-fix, processed foods and consistent excessively low calories has resulted in an incredibly stubborn fat loss scenario. Not only has it created a stubborn fat loss scenario but her ability to add body fat is remarkably strong.

Most would believe there is simply no possible way she could be 185 pounds eating mostly low calories. While it's true the average obese American created their own obesity by being a huge over consumer, a sedentary glutton if you will, many are able to maintain their level of obesity with the following formula in very precise ratios: starvation + binges + sedentary lifestyle.

An initial review of this woman's calories indicates she is just above starvation level in the 400-700 per day range. The food choices are mostly protein in this case (low-carb is all the rage you know) and there are virtually no vegetables or fruits to speak of.

Five or six days per week the calories remain low in this range, however, there are nighttime binges from time to time and weekend binges where carbs loaded with fat (doughnuts, rolls, cookies, pizza etc.) are consumed.

So while the calories are very low the majority of the time, there are one to two days per week where this isn't always the case. Even so, the nighttime binges and weekend slack offs don't amount to what you might presume would be thousands of extra calories, thus explaining the 185-pound body weight.

Very few foods are prepared from home. There are lots of fast foods being consumed. Convenience and taste rule.

I must say. Early on in my coaching and teaching career this woman was a real head scratcher for me. Isn't it calories in and calories out? Even if she's not active she's starving!

How in the heck does she stay at 185 eating an average, including all binges, of maybe 750 calories per day? She's frustrated beyond belief. She sees her friends and coworkers eating more and weighing less. Is she simply unlucky? Is everyone else blessed? And what in the world is she supposed to do to fix this, if it can be fixed?


Why Is She Not Losing Weight?


First, let me tell you why she's not losing weight. Then I'll tell you what she has to do to fix the situation. With a chronic (months and months) intake of less than 1000 calories per day and a 185-pound body weight her metabolism is suffering greatly. It's running cool, not hot. It's basically running at a snail's pace.

Think of it this way. Her metabolism has matched itself to her intake. She could, indeed, lose body fat but she's in that gray area where she is eating too few calories but not quite at the concentration-camp level yet.

If she were to consume 100-300 calories per day her body would have virtually no choice but to begin liberating stored body fat. This is NOT the solution. It's unhealthy and, in fact, quite stupid.


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Not only has her metabolism matched her intake, her body has maximized production of enzymes that are designed to help store any additional calories as fat. Anytime additional, immediately-unnecessary calories are consumed the enzymes are there and waiting to store the additional calories as fat. Her body is starved nutritionally and it has one thing on its mind - survival.

Being mostly sedentary, her metabolism (hormones play a large role here) can do a pretty good job of keeping things slow enough so that the pathetically low calories she's consuming are just enough to maintain.

But since certain enzymes are elevated, waiting for more calories so more bodyfat can be stored, every nighttime binge or weekend mini-feast will contribute to fat stores.

So on the days she's not bingeing her body does not lose fat, or if it does, it's very little. And on the few days or times she does binge a bit her body is quite efficient at storing fat. So, while she may lose a smidge of fat from starving it is quickly replaced with every binge.

Remember, these binges aren't a gluttonous 4000-calorie feast. Oh no, a binge might be 4-5 cookies worth about 500-700 calories. Nevertheless, since the binge foods are mostly carbs and fat it's very easy for the enzymes to shuttle the dietary fat into stored body fat. It's what they were designed to do.


So, What's The Solution?


Well then, now that we presumably know some valid reasons why she's not seeing a scale change and definitely no body fat change how do we fix her? We have to do something she's going to freak out over.

We have to get her eating more. Not only do we have to get her eating more but more of the right, whole foods need to be eaten. Foods lower in fat that aren't as easily STORED as body fat have to be consumed. And we have to warn her.

A Discouraging Start


We have to warn her that since she's been sedentarily living on protein with binges of carbs and fats she is likely to see a weight gain right away. It's true.
Once we begin really feeding her body with nutritious carbohydrates so she can become more active, her glycogen-depleted body will hang on to some of those carbohydrates (in skeletal muscle and liver) so she has stored energy for activity.

When her body hangs on to those carbohydrates it has no choice but to hang on to more water too. For every gram of glycogen (stored carbs) she stores she'll hang on to three grams of water.

This is not a negative response by the body but it will be interpreted by her as quite negative when she steps on the scale.

It's quite likely she'll see a five to seven pound weight gain when she really starts eating properly again. This weight gain will remain for one to three weeks before it starts moving in the other direction.

For argument's sake let's assume my Calorie Calculator and Goal Setter at Club Lifestyle suggests a 1500-calorie per day average in week one for a one-pound loss per week. First, she is going to freak out about this many calories.

For months she's been eating less than 1000 and usually around 400-700 in one to three feedings total per day. To her 1500 calories is a ton of food. And if she even begins to eat less fast and packaged-foods it will be a ton of food.

There is no doubt whatsoever that she will resist the increase. This resistance may take one to three weeks to overcome. During this period no weight loss will occur. She is too fat already in her mind and believes it will only hurt her to increase her food intake.

I mean, after all, isn't that how she got fat to begin with? In her early stages of fat gain this was probably true. She overconsumed. But as I've said already, that's not why she's staying heavy.

In addition to a freaked-out mindset about adding more food to her already overfat body she will simply find that it's all but impossible to eat four or more times per day.

She's just not hungry at first. Makes sense when you think about it. Why would she be hungry three hours after eating a 300-calorie, balanced breakfast? Her body is used to 400-700 calories per day!

So, even though she gets a plan and begins using my nutrition analyzer to log foods and meals she finds after having a balanced breakfast of 250 calories she couldn't force herself to eat meal number two on time.

It'll take several more days of realizing what is going on and being one-hundred percent honest and diligent with her logging and planning before she begins to eat her meals as planned no matter what - even if she's not hungry.

By now two to four weeks have passed and the only thing she's seen on the scale is it going up--not very encouraging if I say so myself.

Raising The Grade


After the first two to four weeks have passed she's probably beginning to consume her meals as planned although not quite like an "A" student yet. That is coming. She feels better because she's working out and is more active.
And she feels like she has more energy throughout the day because she's feeding her body more calories and the right kinds of calories.

She has finally begun eating the right kinds of fast foods (low in fat, moderate in protein) and less packaged food overall. She is making more meals from home and taking them to work for lunch rather than always grabbing something quick from a vending machine or the break room that always has some treat another employee brought in.

After another two weeks or so she's moved from a "B" grade to more consistent "A"s. She's planning her days one day ahead in the Nutrition Analyzer; she's consuming fresh veggies and fruits on a daily basis.

Her calories are almost ALWAYS in line with what is recommended by my Lean Account and she has seen her first signs of the scale moving in the right direction.

She is now dropping from 190 pounds (her high after reintroducing food and carbohydrates again) to 189.3! "Progress at last!" she says. In actuality, the entire process was progress. But that's not how she saw it in the beginning.






With a total of two to four weeks of increased caloric intake behind her and eating more consistently the right kinds of foods her metabolism has truly begun to rebound.

She didn't kill it as she thought. She only wounded it. And since our metabolisms are like kids (they are quite resilient) and she doesn't have thyroid issues or diabetes or any known wrench that could be thrown into the spokes of fat loss, she will begin, for the first time in months or years, to see results that make sense and that one would expect of someone who is active (30-60 minutes five or more days per week) and consuming a caloric intake of 1300-1500 calories per day.


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Avoiding Sabotage


This process is in no way easy. I think you can see a plethora of ways it could be screwed up, sabotaged, given up on too early and so forth.
A key to success for this very common woman (men too) is not giving up too soon, having faith in the fix, and moving sooner rather than later to the increased, quality food intake.

It's going to take effort to overcome the mental hurdles of eating more food as well as the increase in scale weight that is going to occur in weeks one to three or so. It's disheartening, however, to charge hard down the weight-loss field only to get to the one-yard line and decide it's time to quit.



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Many don't realize they only had one more yard to go and they'd have had a touchdown. You gotta hang in there with this plan. It's going to take some time for the glycogen levels to be replenished and level out. It's going to take some time for mental adjustments to occur.
It's going to take some time before hunger signals are restored to anything close to normal. It's going to take time for the metabolism to rebound and not be in its protective mode.

Giving A Stubborn Body The Message


In certain, very stubborn cases, it may be necessary to eat at a eucaloric (maintenance) or hypercaloric (over maintenance) level for a few weeks to ensure the metabolism does get the signal that everything is alright and you aren't going to kill the body.
Remember, your body could care less about your desire for fat loss. It just wants to survive.


Some Take-Home Points



The most common cause of obesity is Americans are sedentary overeaters/drinkers. Nothing in this article should be construed as to say that under eating is the root cause of obesity. It's not.

It IS common for many men and women to be under eating with sporadic binges as I described here. This creates a perfect environment for continued obesity even if total caloric intake is quite low on average.

Low-carb followers or "starvers" WILL see the scale go up when calories are consumed at reasonable levels again and carbohydrates are reintroduced. Live with it. Deal with it. It's going to happen. 98% of the gain will be water.

The time it takes for mental acceptance and other adjustments to occur will vary but one should expect a two to four week window for these things to take place. Being forewarned with an article like this may speed this process up some.

Once the right types of foods are consumed and the right caloric intake is consumed and the right ratios of carbohydrates, proteins and fats are consumed on a consistent basis, then, and only then, will metabolism begin to be restored and the key to fat loss be inserted into the lock with a noticeable drop in the scale resulting.
This may take an additional two to four weeks to occur. Your metabolism is never dead or broken for good. But it may take several weeks of proper eating and activity for it to be restored.


From day one, until the first, noticeable drop in the scale occurs may be four to six weeks--maybe one to two weeks longer. Those who give up on the one-yard line will never see the scale drop as will occur when intelligent persistence and consistency over time are adhered to.
"


good luck eating 700 calories................

emmab0902

Interesting thread not sure it stacks up with science though

You do not have to drop to 100-300 calories to "liberate" body fat.

There would be no "additional" calories to store at that level - you can't create something out of nothing.

Even in the starvation studies at no point did their metabolism decrease to "match intake" - the reported drop was 40% and only 15% of this was due to the calorie restriction, the rest was attributed to the actual loss of body mass which in itself causes BMR to drop as there is less mass to maintain.

They are the LAWS of thermodynamics, not the SUGGESTIONS of.

And I wonder how often we use anthropomorphisms here - the body is a body it is not a mind. Can it really "decide" to grab fat and store it on a daily basis? Isn't that like saying a car will change its fuel efficiency depending on whether we put $20 or $100 of gas in it's tank??

jedi9393

kapeluza I could kiss you. Everything descibed might be what my body is doing. There is no way I've gained 4lbs of fat in a few days. It has to be water. I suspect my body is holding on.

I have been dieting and working out in earnest since 08/18/11. I had lapband surgery 09/02/11 Since april I had been starting and stopping due to my husbands health issues which most of the time wrecks my diet and workout schedule. I do not eat after 7:30pm. If i do its a light snack like SF jello or something.

When I gain weight my periods stop or become irregular. When I lose weight they come regular. My periods have been regular since around April or may of this year. Feburary of this year I was 317. on jan 1, 2009 i weighed 346lbs, my periods have stopped and i was deemed infertile.

I started Atkins 01/02/09, by August I was 273. My Periods started to become regular, them bam! I got pregnant by accident in September. I never thought I could have kids. I owe the Atkins diet so much. However, I had to do a calculated cheat day every 7-8 days for my body to start losing weight. It seems it would get so comfortable with low carb and plateau, but the first 4 months I was a steady loser then around month 5 it started to slow down, but I never gained like this. If I experience no change by mid-november I will go back to counting carbs and calories be damned! No one will never ever convince me that carbs are good for me. They are not, they make me hungry. Sugar is an addiction for me. I will continue to watch my sodium.

let me tell you, my system is odd. This is when two fat genetically ruined people come together and have a kid. My dad has HBP and diabetes, skin allergys etc. My mom has HBP and has had fertility issues. I am her only child. I am allergic to pollen, I did have HBP and fertility issues. I get sick a lot. When I get a cold it lasts for a month or so. I've had pneumonia about 4 times in the past 3 years. Been told my white blood cell count is low. I get bronchitis at least 3 times a year. AT LEAST! Yet, I'm a super fast healer. I had a c-section and a month later my doctor could barely tell. I was walking around the same day of my c-section. MY lapband scars have healed to nothing.

I have lost inches I know it, by the way my clothes feel, but thats cause of the weights and toning I do. My body fat I promise you hasnt changed much in a month.

Friday I have an appointment with my doctor and she is going to have me do a full blood workup. last time they didnt check my thyroid. So hopefully this will do something.

And may I add, I see the same pattern in my son. I'm strict about his sugar intake and no junk food and he too is "big". He is 18 months 32 inches and 31lbs. Doctor asks what I am feeding him and I gave him a print out. He eats better and on average the same amount as most kids his age. He is every active and running around, but just...big. My pediatrician didnt see anything wrong with his diet. I even give him skim milk. Im paranoid he's gonna be fat. I was a big kid too. My ped told me he just maybe genetically inclined to be a hefty guy. That didnt make me feel better.

maidentl

And may I add, I see the same pattern in my son. I'm strict about his sugar intake and no junk food and he too is "big". He is 18 months 32 inches and 31lbs. Doctor asks what I am feeding him and I gave him a print out. He eats better and on average the same amount as most kids his age. He is every active and running around, but just...big. My pediatrician didnt see anything wrong with his diet. I even give him skim milk. Im paranoid he's gonna be fat. I was a big kid too. My ped told me he just maybe genetically inclined to be a hefty guy. That didnt make me feel better.

Oh gosh, please don't worry! My oldest was always a very big boy. That doesn't have to translate to fat! He did go through a chubby phase around age 12 but that was his body preparing for puberty, he then shot up and thinned out. Now he's 15 years old, 5'9", 215 pounds but it's all muscle. He's extremely active, participates in wrestling and baseball. There's a tremendous difference between baby fat and TRULY obese kids. I'd hate to see you worry yourself and him over it.

emmab0902

If you are losing inches who cares about the scales. Better than losing weight and gaining inches. Clearly you aren't in this "starvation mode" thing!

Bahet

And may I add, I see the same pattern in my son. I'm strict about his sugar intake and no junk food and he too is "big". He is 18 months 32 inches and 31lbs. Doctor asks what I am feeding him and I gave him a print out. He eats better and on average the same amount as most kids his age. He is every active and running around, but just...big. My pediatrician didnt see anything wrong with his diet. I even give him skim milk. Im paranoid he's gonna be fat. I was a big kid too. My ped told me he just maybe genetically inclined to be a hefty guy. That didnt make me feel better.

I don't really remember what my kids weighed at that age. They were always very large though. Boy 1 is now 14. He's 6 ft tall and weighs about 165. He's long and lean and solid. He was born at 10 lbs 11 oz and 22 1/2 inches long. He was off the charts on both height and weight his whole life. Around age 11/12 he got a bit pudgy. Then he shot up in height.

Boy 2 is like Boy 1's clone. He was born 9 lbs 6 oz and 21 inches long. He was also 2 weeks early. He's now 11 1/2 yrs old and getting that same pudge. I suspect he'll be taller than me (I'm 5'5") within a year.

Incidentally, I also have very bad hayfever. Maybe that whole allergy guess isn't so wild after all.

darlilama

The less I eat, the more weight I loose, the more exercise I do and less I eat back those calories the more weight I loose - 'Starvation Mode' only occurs once you have less than a certain percentage of body fat - if you are overweight, you cannot go into 'starvation mode'.

If you are overweight and don't have any overriding medical issues to the otherwise. Rare situations, granted.

darlilama

Ditto! Why bother exercising! You could just eat the lower calories and relax! Of course, you would not gain the flexibility and energy that exercise affords, and I believe weight would come off faster with both exercise and cutting back on calories.

Yeah… I think they call that "skinny" fat. Just because you are thin, it doesn't mean you are healthy!

neanderthin

Ditto! Why bother exercising! You could just eat the lower calories and relax! Of course, you would not gain the flexibility and energy that exercise affords, and I believe weight would come off faster with both exercise and cutting back on calories.

Yeah… I think they call that "skinny" fat. Just because you are thin, it doesn't mean you are healthy!

The real difference exercise and more specifically weight bearing exercise exibits when calories are adjusted to compensate for that exercise is that less muscle is catabolized (lost) in a deficit. Basically what is lost is body fat, which should be the focus of any weight loss statagy. Being sedentary and in a deficit will allow for more overall weight loss, but it takes a good percentage of your muscle along with it, not a good thing, and skinny fat is basically the result for sure.

Bluestar083

Bump for later

grace42d

My son a chunk-o until he started walking at 14 months. He gained no weight for the next 6 months but grew like a weed. Ever since, he has been lean and strong. He is now 9 and around 4' 8" and 68ish pounds with an 8-pack which he is very proud of. He gets tons of exercise (ski, swim, play, karate) and we eats very healthy. He has food allergies (wheat, gluten, eggs, corn, yeast, artificial flavors and colors) so we eat lots of veggies, fruits, lean protein and complex carbs. I cook everything from scratch so he gets no processed foods, juice, soda, candy, cookies etc. Even a stick of gum is a rare treat. The extra bonus is that now he loves broccoli, lima beans, beans, spinach, carrots, cauliflower, brussel sprouts, salad and fruit!