Nutrition Database Post - name what does what

CoderGal

Name something from the list below, what kind of foods it can be found in, and what it does or why you should eat it. Get as scientific or non scientific as you like.

Fat (Saturated, Polyunsaturated, Monounsaturated, Trans Fat, omega3/etc)
Cholesterol
Vitamins (A, Bs, C, D, E, ...)
Minerals(Sodium, Potassium, Sugar, Calcium, Iron, Zinc, Manganese, Chromium, Iodine, Sulfur, ...)
Carbohydrates
Protein
Fiber
Sugar

I'll start (feel free to add if you know more about it).

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Chromium:

While only required in trace amounts, chromium is said to help your metabolism, and slightly overdosing seems to pass through the system easily (according to a scientific experiment I seen on google scholar). This is found in Corn oil, cloves, whole grains, red meat and brewer’s yeast.