Cycling carbs for FAST WEIGHT LOSS? Need input!
Options
Mscastillo85
Posts: 66 Member
I read an article about cycling carbs for thee fastest weight loss results.& was wondering if anyone else has heard of this or tried it. If so what were the results?
0
Replies
-
i always zig-zag, I actually never realized I have always done it until I started to log my food on here (I have been slacking)
I can say, for me, it works. I told a co worker about that, he now does it and sees it working for him.
I am trying to explain and show my girlfriend how it works...
so, I say it works
:drinker:0 -
Google Shelby Starnes for carb cycling and John Kiefer for Carb Nite Solution and Carb Backloading.
Both have articles on EliteFTS.com.
Kiefer's blog is called DangerouslyHardcore.com.
Both are very well versed in carb cycling/carb timing and train high level athletes as well as help regular folks.0 -
Thanks guys, I really appreciate the feedback. I just heard about through an article a friend on mine posted on fb. He's in the military & is in great shape so it motivated me to look into this. I'm not big on sweets but I do LOVE carbs. Carbs are my biggest weakness beads, pasta, white sauces & potatoes. Oh & alcohol
lol 0 -
Carb Cycling is how Chris Powell of Extreme Weightloss Makeover Addition gets his clients to lose all that weight. I myself havent tried it because I am addicted to "white" carbs...so I am just trying to stay away from the white stuff as much as I can.0
-
If you do Carb Backloading, you don't have to stay away from the high GI (white) carbs.0
-
There's no evidence that it would yield any greater weight loss than a linear caloric deficit/macronutrient intake.0
-
Donna I'm a TX girl myself so I get it. I love my carbs but they don't love me! lol I didn't know that was the method used on the show. I've never watched the show but I've heard about it.0
-
NICCCCE!
0 -
So if you Carb cycle, what would the macros look like on Day 1/Day 2?0
-
There's no evidence that it would yield any greater weight loss than a linear caloric deficit/macronutrient intake.
And we have a winner!0 -
Since OP doesn't have a lot of weight to lose, I'd think she'd be more interested in fat loss and muscle preservation, for which carb cycling has proven to be very effective.0
-
Since OP doesn't have a lot of weight to lose, I'd think she'd be more interested in fat loss and muscle preservation, for which carb cycling has proven to be very effective.
But is it any more effective than a linear calorie/macronutrient intake.
If you're saying it is, you need to come up with more proof than "I like it."0 -
Since OP doesn't have a lot of weight to lose, I'd think she'd be more interested in fat loss and muscle preservation, for which carb cycling has proven to be very effective.
But is it any more effective than a linear calorie/macronutrient intake.
If you're saying it is, you need to come up with more proof than "I like it."
Read the CBL book and its 30 pages of peer reviewed scientific journals in the works cited.0 -
Since OP doesn't have a lot of weight to lose, I'd think she'd be more interested in fat loss and muscle preservation, for which carb cycling has proven to be very effective.
But is it any more effective than a linear calorie/macronutrient intake.
If you're saying it is, you need to come up with more proof than "I like it."
Read the CBL book and its 30 pages of peer reviewed scientific journals in the works cited.
Can you link a few of the studies?0 -
There's no evidence that it would yield any greater weight loss than a linear caloric deficit/macronutrient intake.
And we have a winner!
Yeppers.0 -
Reference 1
Newsholme EA, Dimitriadis G. Integration of biochemical and physiologic effects of
insulin on glucose metabolism. Exp Clin Endocrinol Diabetes. 2001;109 Suppl 2:S122-
34. Review.
Rivellese AA, De Natale C, Di Marino L, Patti L, Iovine C, Coppola S, Del Prato S, Riccardi
G, Annuzzi G. Exogenous and endogenous postprandial lipid abnormalities in type 2
diabetic patients with optimal blood glucose control and optimal fasting triglyceride
levels. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2004 May;89(5):2153-9.
Chen YD, Swami S, Skowronski R, Coulston A, Reaven GM. Differences in postprandial
lipemia between patients with normal glucose tolerance and noninsulin-dependent
diabetes mellitus. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 1993 Jan;76(1):172-7.
Stinson JC, Owens D, McBrinn S, Collins P, Johnson A, Tomkin GH. The regulation of
post-prandial cellular cholesterol metabolism in type 2 diabetic and non-diabetic
subjects. Diabet Med. 1993 Jun;10(5):420-6.
Strandberg TE, Tilvis RS, Lindberg O, Valvanne J, Sairanen S, Ehnholm C, Tuomilehto J.
High plasma insulin is associated with lower LDL cholesterol in elderly individuals.
Atherosclerosis. 1996 Apr 5;121(2):267-73.
Reference 2
Brandi LS, Santoro D, Natali A, Altomonte F, Baldi S, Frascerra S, Ferrannini E. Insulin
resistance of stress: sites and mechanisms. Clin Sci (Lond). 1993 Nov;85(5):525-35.
Petrides AS, Luzi L, DeFronzo RA. Time-dependent regulation by insulin of leucine
metabolism in young healthy adults. Am J Physiol. 1994 Sep;267(3 Pt 1):E361-8.
Jensen MD, Miles JM, Gerich JE, Cryer PE, Haymond MW. Preservation of insulin effects
on glucose production and proteolysis during fasting. Am J Physiol. 1988 Jun;254(6 Pt
1):E700-7.
Fryburg DA, Barrett EJ, Louard RJ, Gelfand RA. Effect of starvation on human muscle
protein metabolism and its response to insulin. Am J Physiol. 1990 Oct;259(4 Pt 1):E477-
82. -1-199-
Gelfand RA, Barrett EJ. Effect of physiologic hyperinsulinemia on skeletal muscle protein
synthesis and breakdown in man. J Clin Invest. 1987 Jul;80(1):1-6.
Bonadonna RC, Saccomani MP, Seely L, Zych KS, Ferrannini E, Cobelli C, DeFronzo RA.
Glucose transport in human skeletal muscle. The in vivo response to insulin. Diabetes.
1993 Jan;42(1):191-8.
Tessari P, Inchiostro S, Biolo G, Vincenti E, Sabadin L. Effects of acute systemic
hyperinsulinemia on forearm muscle proteolysis in healthy man. J Clin Invest. 1991
Jul;88(1):27-33.
Brooks DC, Bessey PQ, Black PR, Aoki TT, Wilmore DW. Insulin stimulates branched
chain amino acid uptake and diminishes nitrogen flux from skeletal muscle of injured
patients. J Surg Res. 1986 Apr;40(4):395-405.
Fryburg DA, Jahn LA, Hill SA, Oliveras DM, Barrett EJ. Insulin and insulin-like growth
factor-I enhance human skeletal muscle protein anabolism during hyperaminoacidemia
by different mechanisms. J Clin Invest. 1995 Oct;96(4):1722-9.
Denne SC, Liechty EA, Liu YM, Brechtel G, Baron AD. Proteolysis in skeletal muscle and
whole body in response to euglycemic hyperinsulinemia in normal adults. Am J Physiol.
1991 Dec;261(6 Pt 1):E809-14.
Inculet RI, Finley RJ, Duff JH, Pace R, Rose C, Groves AC, Woolf LI. Insulin decreases
muscle protein loss after operative trauma in man. Surgery. 1986 Jun;99(6):752-8.
Luzi L, Giordano M, Caloni, Castellino P. Effects of insulin and amino acids on leucine
metabolism in young and middle-aged humans. Eur J Nutr. 2001 Jun;40(3):106-12.
Biolo G, Wolfe RR. Insulin action on protein metabolism. Baillieres Clin Endocrinol
Metab. 1993 Oct;7(4):989-1005. Review.
Pozefsky T, Felig P, Tobin JD, Soeldner JS, Cahill GF Jr. Amino acid balance across
tissues of the forearm in postabsorptive man. Effects of insulin at two dose levels. J Clin
Invest. 1969 Dec;48(12):2273-82.
Reference 3:
Boden G, Chen X, Desantis RA, Kendrick Z. Effects of insulin on fatty acid
reesterification in healthy subjects. Diabetes. 1993 Nov;42(11):1588-93.
Campbell PJ, Carlson MG, Hill JO, Nurjhan N. Regulation of free fatty acid metabolism
by insulin in humans: role of lipolysis and reesterification. Am J Physiol. 1992 Dec;263(6
Pt 1):E1063-9.
Groop LC, Bonadonna RC, Simonson DC, Petrides AS, Shank M, DeFronzo RA. Effect of
insulin on oxidative and nonoxidative pathways of free fatty acid metabolism in human
obesity. Am J Physiol. 1992 Jul;263(1 Pt 1):E79-84.
Sidossis LS, Wolfe RR. Glucose and insulin-induced inhibition of fatty acid oxidation: the
glucose-fatty acid cycle reversed. Am J Physiol. 1996 Apr;270(4 Pt 1):E733-8.
Meek SE, Nair KS, Jensen MD. Insulin regulation of regional free fatty acid metabolism.
Diabetes. 1999 Jan;48(1):10-4.
Jacob S, Hauer B, Becker R, Artzner S, Grauer P, Loblein K, Nielsen M, Renn W, Rett K,
Wahl HG, Stumvoll M, Haring HU. Lipolysis in skeletal muscle is rapidly regulated by low
physiological doses of insulin. Diabetologia. 1999 Oct;42(10):1171-4.
Stumvoll M, Jacob S, Wahl HG, Hauer B, Loblein K, Grauer P, Becker R, Nielsen M,
Renn W, Haring H. Suppression of systemic, intramuscular, and subcutaneous adipose
tissue lipolysis by insulin in humans. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2000 Oct;85(10):3740-5.
Dyck DJ, Steinberg G, Bonen A. Insulin increases FA uptake and esterification but
reduces lipid utilization in isolated contracting muscle. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab.
2001 Sep;281(3): E600-7.
Bonadonna RC, Groop LC, Zych K, Shank M, DeFronzo RA. Dose-dependent effect of
insulin on plasma free fatty acid turnover and oxidation in humans. Am J Physiol. 1990
Nov;259(5 Pt 1):E736-50.
characteristics for suppression of glycerol release and conversion to glucose in humans.
Diabetes. 1986 Dec;35(12):1326-31.
Coppack SW, Frayn KN, Humphreys SM, Dhar H, Hockaday TD. Effects of insulin on
human adipose tissue metabolism in vivo. Clin Sci (Lond). 1989 Dec;77(6):663-70.
Arner P, Bolinder J, Ostman J. Glucose stimulation of the antilipolytic effect of insulin in
humans. Science. 1983 Jun 3;220(4601):1057-9.
Capaldo B, Napoli R, Di Marino L, Guida R, Pardo F, Sacca L. Role of insulin and free
fatty acid (FFA) availability on regional FFA kinetics in the human forearm. J Clin
Endocrinol Metab. 1994 Sep;79(3):879-82.
Pimenta WP, Saad MJ, Paccola GM, Piccinato CE, Foss MC. Effect of oral glucose on
peripheral muscle fuel metabolism in fasted men. Braz J Med Biol Res. 1989;22(4):465-
76.
Reference 4:
Borer KT. Hormonal regulation of fuel use in exercise. In: Exercise endocrinology.
Champaign, IL: Human Kinetics, 2003:97–120.
Volek JS, Sharman MJ, Love DM, Avery NG, Gómez AL, Scheett TP, Kraemer WJ. Body
composition and hormonal responses to a carbohydrate-restricted diet. Metabolism
2002;51: 864–70.
Jensen MD, Haymond MW, Gerich JE, Cryer PE, Miles JM. Lipolysis during fasting.
Decreased suppression by insulin and increased stimulation by epinephrine. J Clin
Invest. 1987 Jan;79(1): 207-13.
Reference 5:
Feinman RD, Fine EJ. Nonequilibrium thermodynamics and energy efficiency in weight
loss diets. Theor Biol Med Model. 2007 Jul 30;4:27. Review.
Asmar M, Simonsen L, Madsbad S, Stallknecht B, Holst JJ, Bülow J. Glucose-dependent
insulinotropic polypeptide may enhance fatty acid re-esterification in subcutaneous
abdominal adipose tissue in lean humans. Diabetes. 2010 Sep;59(9):2160-3.
Chapter 8
Reference 1:
Macfarlane GT, Gibson GR, Cummings JH. Comparison of fermentation reactions in
different regions of the human colon. J Appl Bacteriol. 1992 Jan;72(1):57-64.
Sunvold GD, Hussein HS, Fahey GC Jr, Merchen NR, Reinhart GA. In vitro fermentation
of cellulose, beet pulp, citrus pulp, and citrus pectin using fecal inoculum from cats,
dogs, horses, humans, and pigs and ruminal fluid from cattle. J Anim Sci. 1995
Dec;73(12):3639-48.
Titgemeyer EC, Bourquin LD, Fahey GC Jr, Garleb KA. Fermentability of various fiber
sources by human fecal bacteria in vitro. Am J Clin Nutr. 1991 Jun;53(6):1418-24.
Bourquin LD, Titgemeyer EC, Fahey GC Jr. Vegetable fiber fermentation by human fecal
bacteria: cell wall polysaccharide disappearance and short-chain fatty acid production
during in vitro fermentation and water-holding capacity of unfermented residues. J Nutr.
1993 May;123(5):860-9.
Bourquin LD, Titgemeyer EC, Fahey GC Jr, Garleb KA. Fermentation of dietary fibre by
human colonic bacteria: disappearance of, short-chain fatty acid production from, and
potential water-holding capacity of, various substrates. Scand J Gastroenterol. 1993
Mar;28(3):249-55.
Bourquin LD, Titgemeyer EC, Garleb KA, Fahey GC Jr. Short-chain fatty acid production
and fiber degradation by human colonic bacteria: effects of substrate and cell wall
fractionation procedures. J Nutr. 1992 Jul;122(7):1508-20.
Daniel M, Wisker E, Rave G, Feldheim W. Fermentation in human subjects of nonstarch
polysaccharides in mixed diets, but not in a barley fiber concentrate, could be predicted
by in vitro fermentation using human fecal inocula. J Nutr. 1997 Oct;127(10):1981-8.
Fernandes J, Rao AV, Wolever TM. Different substrates and methane producing status
affect short-chain fatty acid profiles produced by In vitro fermentation of human feces. J
Nutr. 2000 Aug;130(8):1932-6.
Dongowski G, Lorenz A, Anger H. Degradation of pectins with different degrees of
esterification by Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron isolated from human gut flora. Appl
Environ Microbiol. 2000 Apr;66(4):1321-7.
Topping DL, Clifton PM. Short-chain fatty acids and human colonic function: roles of
resistant starch and nonstarch polysaccharides. Physiol Rev. 2001 Jul;81(3):1031-64.
Review.
Reference 2:
Baer DJ, Rumpler WV, Miles CW, Fahey GC Jr. Dietary fiber decreases the metabolizable
energy content and nutrient digestibility of mixed diets fed to humans. J Nutr. 1997
Apr;127(4):579-86.0 -
FWIW - I am not aware of any studies that show any appreciable difference between carb cycling and not. That being said, many people will carb cycle to provide energy for their workouts (as opposed to using it for fat loss per se).
There is some evidence, compelling but not conclusive, to suggest that there may be some benefit to having more carbs at night - which is not carb cycling. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/214751370 -
There's no evidence that it would yield any greater weight loss than a linear caloric deficit/macronutrient intake.
Exactly.
You are over complicating things.0 -
Reference 1
Newsholme EA, Dimitriadis G. Integration of biochemical and physiologic effects of
insulin on glucose metabolism. Exp Clin Endocrinol Diabetes. 2001;109 Suppl 2:S122-
34. Review.
Rivellese AA, De Natale C, Di Marino L, Patti L, Iovine C, Coppola S, Del Prato S, Riccardi
G, Annuzzi G. Exogenous and endogenous postprandial lipid abnormalities in type 2
diabetic patients with optimal blood glucose control and optimal fasting triglyceride
levels. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2004 May;89(5):2153-9.
Chen YD, Swami S, Skowronski R, Coulston A, Reaven GM. Differences in postprandial
lipemia between patients with normal glucose tolerance and noninsulin-dependent
diabetes mellitus. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 1993 Jan;76(1):172-7.
Stinson JC, Owens D, McBrinn S, Collins P, Johnson A, Tomkin GH. The regulation of
post-prandial cellular cholesterol metabolism in type 2 diabetic and non-diabetic
subjects. Diabet Med. 1993 Jun;10(5):420-6.
Strandberg TE, Tilvis RS, Lindberg O, Valvanne J, Sairanen S, Ehnholm C, Tuomilehto J.
High plasma insulin is associated with lower LDL cholesterol in elderly individuals.
Atherosclerosis. 1996 Apr 5;121(2):267-73.
Reference 2
Brandi LS, Santoro D, Natali A, Altomonte F, Baldi S, Frascerra S, Ferrannini E. Insulin
resistance of stress: sites and mechanisms. Clin Sci (Lond). 1993 Nov;85(5):525-35.
Petrides AS, Luzi L, DeFronzo RA. Time-dependent regulation by insulin of leucine
metabolism in young healthy adults. Am J Physiol. 1994 Sep;267(3 Pt 1):E361-8.
Jensen MD, Miles JM, Gerich JE, Cryer PE, Haymond MW. Preservation of insulin effects
on glucose production and proteolysis during fasting. Am J Physiol. 1988 Jun;254(6 Pt
1):E700-7.
Fryburg DA, Barrett EJ, Louard RJ, Gelfand RA. Effect of starvation on human muscle
protein metabolism and its response to insulin. Am J Physiol. 1990 Oct;259(4 Pt 1):E477-
82. -1-199-
Gelfand RA, Barrett EJ. Effect of physiologic hyperinsulinemia on skeletal muscle protein
synthesis and breakdown in man. J Clin Invest. 1987 Jul;80(1):1-6.
Bonadonna RC, Saccomani MP, Seely L, Zych KS, Ferrannini E, Cobelli C, DeFronzo RA.
Glucose transport in human skeletal muscle. The in vivo response to insulin. Diabetes.
1993 Jan;42(1):191-8.
Tessari P, Inchiostro S, Biolo G, Vincenti E, Sabadin L. Effects of acute systemic
hyperinsulinemia on forearm muscle proteolysis in healthy man. J Clin Invest. 1991
Jul;88(1):27-33.
Brooks DC, Bessey PQ, Black PR, Aoki TT, Wilmore DW. Insulin stimulates branched
chain amino acid uptake and diminishes nitrogen flux from skeletal muscle of injured
patients. J Surg Res. 1986 Apr;40(4):395-405.
Fryburg DA, Jahn LA, Hill SA, Oliveras DM, Barrett EJ. Insulin and insulin-like growth
factor-I enhance human skeletal muscle protein anabolism during hyperaminoacidemia
by different mechanisms. J Clin Invest. 1995 Oct;96(4):1722-9.
Denne SC, Liechty EA, Liu YM, Brechtel G, Baron AD. Proteolysis in skeletal muscle and
whole body in response to euglycemic hyperinsulinemia in normal adults. Am J Physiol.
1991 Dec;261(6 Pt 1):E809-14.
Inculet RI, Finley RJ, Duff JH, Pace R, Rose C, Groves AC, Woolf LI. Insulin decreases
muscle protein loss after operative trauma in man. Surgery. 1986 Jun;99(6):752-8.
Luzi L, Giordano M, Caloni, Castellino P. Effects of insulin and amino acids on leucine
metabolism in young and middle-aged humans. Eur J Nutr. 2001 Jun;40(3):106-12.
Biolo G, Wolfe RR. Insulin action on protein metabolism. Baillieres Clin Endocrinol
Metab. 1993 Oct;7(4):989-1005. Review.
Pozefsky T, Felig P, Tobin JD, Soeldner JS, Cahill GF Jr. Amino acid balance across
tissues of the forearm in postabsorptive man. Effects of insulin at two dose levels. J Clin
Invest. 1969 Dec;48(12):2273-82.
Reference 3:
Boden G, Chen X, Desantis RA, Kendrick Z. Effects of insulin on fatty acid
reesterification in healthy subjects. Diabetes. 1993 Nov;42(11):1588-93.
Campbell PJ, Carlson MG, Hill JO, Nurjhan N. Regulation of free fatty acid metabolism
by insulin in humans: role of lipolysis and reesterification. Am J Physiol. 1992 Dec;263(6
Pt 1):E1063-9.
Groop LC, Bonadonna RC, Simonson DC, Petrides AS, Shank M, DeFronzo RA. Effect of
insulin on oxidative and nonoxidative pathways of free fatty acid metabolism in human
obesity. Am J Physiol. 1992 Jul;263(1 Pt 1):E79-84.
Sidossis LS, Wolfe RR. Glucose and insulin-induced inhibition of fatty acid oxidation: the
glucose-fatty acid cycle reversed. Am J Physiol. 1996 Apr;270(4 Pt 1):E733-8.
Meek SE, Nair KS, Jensen MD. Insulin regulation of regional free fatty acid metabolism.
Diabetes. 1999 Jan;48(1):10-4.
Jacob S, Hauer B, Becker R, Artzner S, Grauer P, Loblein K, Nielsen M, Renn W, Rett K,
Wahl HG, Stumvoll M, Haring HU. Lipolysis in skeletal muscle is rapidly regulated by low
physiological doses of insulin. Diabetologia. 1999 Oct;42(10):1171-4.
Stumvoll M, Jacob S, Wahl HG, Hauer B, Loblein K, Grauer P, Becker R, Nielsen M,
Renn W, Haring H. Suppression of systemic, intramuscular, and subcutaneous adipose
tissue lipolysis by insulin in humans. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2000 Oct;85(10):3740-5.
Dyck DJ, Steinberg G, Bonen A. Insulin increases FA uptake and esterification but
reduces lipid utilization in isolated contracting muscle. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab.
2001 Sep;281(3): E600-7.
Bonadonna RC, Groop LC, Zych K, Shank M, DeFronzo RA. Dose-dependent effect of
insulin on plasma free fatty acid turnover and oxidation in humans. Am J Physiol. 1990
Nov;259(5 Pt 1):E736-50.
characteristics for suppression of glycerol release and conversion to glucose in humans.
Diabetes. 1986 Dec;35(12):1326-31.
Coppack SW, Frayn KN, Humphreys SM, Dhar H, Hockaday TD. Effects of insulin on
human adipose tissue metabolism in vivo. Clin Sci (Lond). 1989 Dec;77(6):663-70.
Arner P, Bolinder J, Ostman J. Glucose stimulation of the antilipolytic effect of insulin in
humans. Science. 1983 Jun 3;220(4601):1057-9.
Capaldo B, Napoli R, Di Marino L, Guida R, Pardo F, Sacca L. Role of insulin and free
fatty acid (FFA) availability on regional FFA kinetics in the human forearm. J Clin
Endocrinol Metab. 1994 Sep;79(3):879-82.
Pimenta WP, Saad MJ, Paccola GM, Piccinato CE, Foss MC. Effect of oral glucose on
peripheral muscle fuel metabolism in fasted men. Braz J Med Biol Res. 1989;22(4):465-
76.
Reference 4:
Borer KT. Hormonal regulation of fuel use in exercise. In: Exercise endocrinology.
Champaign, IL: Human Kinetics, 2003:97–120.
Volek JS, Sharman MJ, Love DM, Avery NG, Gómez AL, Scheett TP, Kraemer WJ. Body
composition and hormonal responses to a carbohydrate-restricted diet. Metabolism
2002;51: 864–70.
Jensen MD, Haymond MW, Gerich JE, Cryer PE, Miles JM. Lipolysis during fasting.
Decreased suppression by insulin and increased stimulation by epinephrine. J Clin
Invest. 1987 Jan;79(1): 207-13.
Reference 5:
Feinman RD, Fine EJ. Nonequilibrium thermodynamics and energy efficiency in weight
loss diets. Theor Biol Med Model. 2007 Jul 30;4:27. Review.
Asmar M, Simonsen L, Madsbad S, Stallknecht B, Holst JJ, Bülow J. Glucose-dependent
insulinotropic polypeptide may enhance fatty acid re-esterification in subcutaneous
abdominal adipose tissue in lean humans. Diabetes. 2010 Sep;59(9):2160-3.
Chapter 8
Reference 1:
Macfarlane GT, Gibson GR, Cummings JH. Comparison of fermentation reactions in
different regions of the human colon. J Appl Bacteriol. 1992 Jan;72(1):57-64.
Sunvold GD, Hussein HS, Fahey GC Jr, Merchen NR, Reinhart GA. In vitro fermentation
of cellulose, beet pulp, citrus pulp, and citrus pectin using fecal inoculum from cats,
dogs, horses, humans, and pigs and ruminal fluid from cattle. J Anim Sci. 1995
Dec;73(12):3639-48.
Titgemeyer EC, Bourquin LD, Fahey GC Jr, Garleb KA. Fermentability of various fiber
sources by human fecal bacteria in vitro. Am J Clin Nutr. 1991 Jun;53(6):1418-24.
Bourquin LD, Titgemeyer EC, Fahey GC Jr. Vegetable fiber fermentation by human fecal
bacteria: cell wall polysaccharide disappearance and short-chain fatty acid production
during in vitro fermentation and water-holding capacity of unfermented residues. J Nutr.
1993 May;123(5):860-9.
Bourquin LD, Titgemeyer EC, Fahey GC Jr, Garleb KA. Fermentation of dietary fibre by
human colonic bacteria: disappearance of, short-chain fatty acid production from, and
potential water-holding capacity of, various substrates. Scand J Gastroenterol. 1993
Mar;28(3):249-55.
Bourquin LD, Titgemeyer EC, Garleb KA, Fahey GC Jr. Short-chain fatty acid production
and fiber degradation by human colonic bacteria: effects of substrate and cell wall
fractionation procedures. J Nutr. 1992 Jul;122(7):1508-20.
Daniel M, Wisker E, Rave G, Feldheim W. Fermentation in human subjects of nonstarch
polysaccharides in mixed diets, but not in a barley fiber concentrate, could be predicted
by in vitro fermentation using human fecal inocula. J Nutr. 1997 Oct;127(10):1981-8.
Fernandes J, Rao AV, Wolever TM. Different substrates and methane producing status
affect short-chain fatty acid profiles produced by In vitro fermentation of human feces. J
Nutr. 2000 Aug;130(8):1932-6.
Dongowski G, Lorenz A, Anger H. Degradation of pectins with different degrees of
esterification by Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron isolated from human gut flora. Appl
Environ Microbiol. 2000 Apr;66(4):1321-7.
Topping DL, Clifton PM. Short-chain fatty acids and human colonic function: roles of
resistant starch and nonstarch polysaccharides. Physiol Rev. 2001 Jul;81(3):1031-64.
Review.
Reference 2:
Baer DJ, Rumpler WV, Miles CW, Fahey GC Jr. Dietary fiber decreases the metabolizable
energy content and nutrient digestibility of mixed diets fed to humans. J Nutr. 1997
Apr;127(4):579-86.
Which one shows the fat loss benefits of carb cycling or carb backloading?0 -
Other than pointing to a *possible* mechanism for the superiority of glucose depletionand supercompensation, do any of these studies actually compare linear to non-linear carbohydrate intake, measuring definite endpoints such lean body mass retention?
^^^^Until you have that, all you have is theory.Reference 1
Newsholme EA, Dimitriadis G. Integration of biochemical and physiologic effects of
insulin on glucose metabolism. Exp Clin Endocrinol Diabetes. 2001;109 Suppl 2:S122-
34. Review.
Rivellese AA, De Natale C, Di Marino L, Patti L, Iovine C, Coppola S, Del Prato S, Riccardi
G, Annuzzi G. Exogenous and endogenous postprandial lipid abnormalities in type 2
diabetic patients with optimal blood glucose control and optimal fasting triglyceride
levels. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2004 May;89(5):2153-9.
Chen YD, Swami S, Skowronski R, Coulston A, Reaven GM. Differences in postprandial
lipemia between patients with normal glucose tolerance and noninsulin-dependent
diabetes mellitus. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 1993 Jan;76(1):172-7.
Stinson JC, Owens D, McBrinn S, Collins P, Johnson A, Tomkin GH. The regulation of
post-prandial cellular cholesterol metabolism in type 2 diabetic and non-diabetic
subjects. Diabet Med. 1993 Jun;10(5):420-6.
Strandberg TE, Tilvis RS, Lindberg O, Valvanne J, Sairanen S, Ehnholm C, Tuomilehto J.
High plasma insulin is associated with lower LDL cholesterol in elderly individuals.
Atherosclerosis. 1996 Apr 5;121(2):267-73.
Reference 2
Brandi LS, Santoro D, Natali A, Altomonte F, Baldi S, Frascerra S, Ferrannini E. Insulin
resistance of stress: sites and mechanisms. Clin Sci (Lond). 1993 Nov;85(5):525-35.
Petrides AS, Luzi L, DeFronzo RA. Time-dependent regulation by insulin of leucine
metabolism in young healthy adults. Am J Physiol. 1994 Sep;267(3 Pt 1):E361-8.
Jensen MD, Miles JM, Gerich JE, Cryer PE, Haymond MW. Preservation of insulin effects
on glucose production and proteolysis during fasting. Am J Physiol. 1988 Jun;254(6 Pt
1):E700-7.
Fryburg DA, Barrett EJ, Louard RJ, Gelfand RA. Effect of starvation on human muscle
protein metabolism and its response to insulin. Am J Physiol. 1990 Oct;259(4 Pt 1):E477-
82. -1-199-
Gelfand RA, Barrett EJ. Effect of physiologic hyperinsulinemia on skeletal muscle protein
synthesis and breakdown in man. J Clin Invest. 1987 Jul;80(1):1-6.
Bonadonna RC, Saccomani MP, Seely L, Zych KS, Ferrannini E, Cobelli C, DeFronzo RA.
Glucose transport in human skeletal muscle. The in vivo response to insulin. Diabetes.
1993 Jan;42(1):191-8.
Tessari P, Inchiostro S, Biolo G, Vincenti E, Sabadin L. Effects of acute systemic
hyperinsulinemia on forearm muscle proteolysis in healthy man. J Clin Invest. 1991
Jul;88(1):27-33.
Brooks DC, Bessey PQ, Black PR, Aoki TT, Wilmore DW. Insulin stimulates branched
chain amino acid uptake and diminishes nitrogen flux from skeletal muscle of injured
patients. J Surg Res. 1986 Apr;40(4):395-405.
Fryburg DA, Jahn LA, Hill SA, Oliveras DM, Barrett EJ. Insulin and insulin-like growth
factor-I enhance human skeletal muscle protein anabolism during hyperaminoacidemia
by different mechanisms. J Clin Invest. 1995 Oct;96(4):1722-9.
Denne SC, Liechty EA, Liu YM, Brechtel G, Baron AD. Proteolysis in skeletal muscle and
whole body in response to euglycemic hyperinsulinemia in normal adults. Am J Physiol.
1991 Dec;261(6 Pt 1):E809-14.
Inculet RI, Finley RJ, Duff JH, Pace R, Rose C, Groves AC, Woolf LI. Insulin decreases
muscle protein loss after operative trauma in man. Surgery. 1986 Jun;99(6):752-8.
Luzi L, Giordano M, Caloni, Castellino P. Effects of insulin and amino acids on leucine
metabolism in young and middle-aged humans. Eur J Nutr. 2001 Jun;40(3):106-12.
Biolo G, Wolfe RR. Insulin action on protein metabolism. Baillieres Clin Endocrinol
Metab. 1993 Oct;7(4):989-1005. Review.
Pozefsky T, Felig P, Tobin JD, Soeldner JS, Cahill GF Jr. Amino acid balance across
tissues of the forearm in postabsorptive man. Effects of insulin at two dose levels. J Clin
Invest. 1969 Dec;48(12):2273-82.
Reference 3:
Boden G, Chen X, Desantis RA, Kendrick Z. Effects of insulin on fatty acid
reesterification in healthy subjects. Diabetes. 1993 Nov;42(11):1588-93.
Campbell PJ, Carlson MG, Hill JO, Nurjhan N. Regulation of free fatty acid metabolism
by insulin in humans: role of lipolysis and reesterification. Am J Physiol. 1992 Dec;263(6
Pt 1):E1063-9.
Groop LC, Bonadonna RC, Simonson DC, Petrides AS, Shank M, DeFronzo RA. Effect of
insulin on oxidative and nonoxidative pathways of free fatty acid metabolism in human
obesity. Am J Physiol. 1992 Jul;263(1 Pt 1):E79-84.
Sidossis LS, Wolfe RR. Glucose and insulin-induced inhibition of fatty acid oxidation: the
glucose-fatty acid cycle reversed. Am J Physiol. 1996 Apr;270(4 Pt 1):E733-8.
Meek SE, Nair KS, Jensen MD. Insulin regulation of regional free fatty acid metabolism.
Diabetes. 1999 Jan;48(1):10-4.
Jacob S, Hauer B, Becker R, Artzner S, Grauer P, Loblein K, Nielsen M, Renn W, Rett K,
Wahl HG, Stumvoll M, Haring HU. Lipolysis in skeletal muscle is rapidly regulated by low
physiological doses of insulin. Diabetologia. 1999 Oct;42(10):1171-4.
Stumvoll M, Jacob S, Wahl HG, Hauer B, Loblein K, Grauer P, Becker R, Nielsen M,
Renn W, Haring H. Suppression of systemic, intramuscular, and subcutaneous adipose
tissue lipolysis by insulin in humans. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2000 Oct;85(10):3740-5.
Dyck DJ, Steinberg G, Bonen A. Insulin increases FA uptake and esterification but
reduces lipid utilization in isolated contracting muscle. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab.
2001 Sep;281(3): E600-7.
Bonadonna RC, Groop LC, Zych K, Shank M, DeFronzo RA. Dose-dependent effect of
insulin on plasma free fatty acid turnover and oxidation in humans. Am J Physiol. 1990
Nov;259(5 Pt 1):E736-50.
characteristics for suppression of glycerol release and conversion to glucose in humans.
Diabetes. 1986 Dec;35(12):1326-31.
Coppack SW, Frayn KN, Humphreys SM, Dhar H, Hockaday TD. Effects of insulin on
human adipose tissue metabolism in vivo. Clin Sci (Lond). 1989 Dec;77(6):663-70.
Arner P, Bolinder J, Ostman J. Glucose stimulation of the antilipolytic effect of insulin in
humans. Science. 1983 Jun 3;220(4601):1057-9.
Capaldo B, Napoli R, Di Marino L, Guida R, Pardo F, Sacca L. Role of insulin and free
fatty acid (FFA) availability on regional FFA kinetics in the human forearm. J Clin
Endocrinol Metab. 1994 Sep;79(3):879-82.
Pimenta WP, Saad MJ, Paccola GM, Piccinato CE, Foss MC. Effect of oral glucose on
peripheral muscle fuel metabolism in fasted men. Braz J Med Biol Res. 1989;22(4):465-
76.
Reference 4:
Borer KT. Hormonal regulation of fuel use in exercise. In: Exercise endocrinology.
Champaign, IL: Human Kinetics, 2003:97–120.
Volek JS, Sharman MJ, Love DM, Avery NG, Gómez AL, Scheett TP, Kraemer WJ. Body
composition and hormonal responses to a carbohydrate-restricted diet. Metabolism
2002;51: 864–70.
Jensen MD, Haymond MW, Gerich JE, Cryer PE, Miles JM. Lipolysis during fasting.
Decreased suppression by insulin and increased stimulation by epinephrine. J Clin
Invest. 1987 Jan;79(1): 207-13.
Reference 5:
Feinman RD, Fine EJ. Nonequilibrium thermodynamics and energy efficiency in weight
loss diets. Theor Biol Med Model. 2007 Jul 30;4:27. Review.
Asmar M, Simonsen L, Madsbad S, Stallknecht B, Holst JJ, Bülow J. Glucose-dependent
insulinotropic polypeptide may enhance fatty acid re-esterification in subcutaneous
abdominal adipose tissue in lean humans. Diabetes. 2010 Sep;59(9):2160-3.
Chapter 8
Reference 1:
Macfarlane GT, Gibson GR, Cummings JH. Comparison of fermentation reactions in
different regions of the human colon. J Appl Bacteriol. 1992 Jan;72(1):57-64.
Sunvold GD, Hussein HS, Fahey GC Jr, Merchen NR, Reinhart GA. In vitro fermentation
of cellulose, beet pulp, citrus pulp, and citrus pectin using fecal inoculum from cats,
dogs, horses, humans, and pigs and ruminal fluid from cattle. J Anim Sci. 1995
Dec;73(12):3639-48.
Titgemeyer EC, Bourquin LD, Fahey GC Jr, Garleb KA. Fermentability of various fiber
sources by human fecal bacteria in vitro. Am J Clin Nutr. 1991 Jun;53(6):1418-24.
Bourquin LD, Titgemeyer EC, Fahey GC Jr. Vegetable fiber fermentation by human fecal
bacteria: cell wall polysaccharide disappearance and short-chain fatty acid production
during in vitro fermentation and water-holding capacity of unfermented residues. J Nutr.
1993 May;123(5):860-9.
Bourquin LD, Titgemeyer EC, Fahey GC Jr, Garleb KA. Fermentation of dietary fibre by
human colonic bacteria: disappearance of, short-chain fatty acid production from, and
potential water-holding capacity of, various substrates. Scand J Gastroenterol. 1993
Mar;28(3):249-55.
Bourquin LD, Titgemeyer EC, Garleb KA, Fahey GC Jr. Short-chain fatty acid production
and fiber degradation by human colonic bacteria: effects of substrate and cell wall
fractionation procedures. J Nutr. 1992 Jul;122(7):1508-20.
Daniel M, Wisker E, Rave G, Feldheim W. Fermentation in human subjects of nonstarch
polysaccharides in mixed diets, but not in a barley fiber concentrate, could be predicted
by in vitro fermentation using human fecal inocula. J Nutr. 1997 Oct;127(10):1981-8.
Fernandes J, Rao AV, Wolever TM. Different substrates and methane producing status
affect short-chain fatty acid profiles produced by In vitro fermentation of human feces. J
Nutr. 2000 Aug;130(8):1932-6.
Dongowski G, Lorenz A, Anger H. Degradation of pectins with different degrees of
esterification by Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron isolated from human gut flora. Appl
Environ Microbiol. 2000 Apr;66(4):1321-7.
Topping DL, Clifton PM. Short-chain fatty acids and human colonic function: roles of
resistant starch and nonstarch polysaccharides. Physiol Rev. 2001 Jul;81(3):1031-64.
Review.
Reference 2:
Baer DJ, Rumpler WV, Miles CW, Fahey GC Jr. Dietary fiber decreases the metabolizable
energy content and nutrient digestibility of mixed diets fed to humans. J Nutr. 1997
Apr;127(4):579-86.0
Categories
- All Categories
- 1.4M Health, Wellness and Goals
- 392K Introduce Yourself
- 43.5K Getting Started
- 259.8K Health and Weight Loss
- 175.7K Food and Nutrition
- 47.4K Recipes
- 232.3K Fitness and Exercise
- 400 Sleep, Mindfulness and Overall Wellness
- 6.4K Goal: Maintaining Weight
- 8.5K Goal: Gaining Weight and Body Building
- 152.8K Motivation and Support
- 7.9K Challenges
- 1.3K Debate Club
- 96.3K Chit-Chat
- 2.5K Fun and Games
- 3.4K MyFitnessPal Information
- 23 News and Announcements
- 990 Feature Suggestions and Ideas
- 2.4K MyFitnessPal Tech Support Questions