Slow metabolism maybe related to PCOS or Insulin Resistance

EvgeniZyntx
EvgeniZyntx Posts: 24,208 Member
edited November 7 in Health and Weight Loss
I just came across an article touching on the subject of Metabolism and PCOS. Apparently, the measured BMR was significantly lower in a group of women with PCOS (and further impacted by Insulin Resistance).

full article not available for free - here is my abstract summary:
Study: Basal metabolic rate is decreased in women with polycystic ovary syndrome and biochemical hyperandrogenemia and is associated with insulin resistance
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18678372

The study included 91 Greek women with PCOS and biochemical hyperandrogenemia, young and reasonable BMI (mean age 24.03 ± 0.55 years, mean BMI 26.67 ± 0.69 kg/m2) and 48 matched regularly menstruating women, with mean age 26.33 ± 0.93 years and mean BMI 23.35 ± 0.85 kg/m2, as control subjects.

Study showed Reduced BMR in PCOS with or without IR. Adjusted BMR was 1,868 ± 41 kcal/day in the control group, 1,445.57 ± 76 in all PCOS women, 1,590 ± 130 in PCOS women without IR and 1,116 ± 106 in PCOS women with IR. Adjusted BMR showed a statistically significant difference between women with PCOS and control subjects, with lowest values in the group of PCOS women with IR, even after adjusting all groups for age and BMI.

Women with PCOS, particularly those with IR, present a significantly decreased BMR.

Based on this, as a suggestion, I would recommend a rough 200 calorie decrease for PCOS alone and rough 400 calorie decrease for PCOS+IR in using a TDEE calculator for women with the confirmed condition or the consideration that the presence of a lower BMR might be related to this.

Which suggests not that someone with PCOS should necessarily be eating a lot less (because basic micro nutritional needs still must be met), rather that their daily activity level might/should be higher. Perhaps 20/30+ minutes of activity will cover this difference.

Hope the info helps.
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Replies

  • eric_sg61
    eric_sg61 Posts: 2,925 Member
    Good info. It should also put to rest the argument that CICO doesn't work for these individuals with medical condition and/ or on certain medications. These individuals have an altered calories out part of the equation that needs adjusting.
  • xesixb
    xesixb Posts: 165 Member
    Thanks for the info! Most women with PCOS suffer from insulin resistance,so we have to watch our carbs. It's how two people can eat the same every day but are affected by it differently. Usually women with PCOS are prescribed to take metformin daily in order to cope with insulin resistance.
  • Delicate
    Delicate Posts: 625 Member
    Being a women with PCOS and IR, this is thoroughly depressing, but I always kinda knew it. (i've always exercised too)

    Screwed hormones, less efficient, it makes sense somewhat.
  • xesixb
    xesixb Posts: 165 Member
    Being a women with PCOS and IR, this is thoroughly depressing, but I always kinda knew it. (i've always exercised too)

    Screwed hormones, less efficient, it makes sense somewhat.

    I hear you. Our hormones are truly screwed.
  • shorshabae
    shorshabae Posts: 32 Member
    Pretty small cohort don't you think? Has this study been replicated by anyone else?
  • nancy10272004
    nancy10272004 Posts: 277 Member
    Maybe I'm the lucky exception. I have insulin resistance and am on medications that may cause a slowdown in the ability to lose weight but CICO/IIFYM has worked for me. I also have serious hormone issues due to peri-menopause.

    I'm down 32 lbs in 106 days. That's not bad considering that I am only allowed to use 5000 steps on my FitBit as exercise and I'm set at 1540 calories/day. Yes. I have a closed diary. I don't really feel like getting spoken to about going to Chipotle or eating at the company cafeteria at work.

    I think the study (limited as it is) might be true for a lot of women with PCOS and insulin resistance but I also think that sometimes articles like this give people an excuse to use to explain why they're not losing weight. Flame away. Tell me I'm the exception not the rule but I just don't want people to think they're doomed.
  • Delicate
    Delicate Posts: 625 Member
    I'm down 32 lbs in 106 days. That's not bad considering that I am only allowed to use 5000 steps on my FitBit as exercise and I'm set at 1540 calories/day.

    You are doing well, however it took me 5 years to lose the weight I have, that was going through the recommended diets for pcos (GI diet, low fat diet, both with calorie restriction etc) and all it did was make me lethargic, skin horrible and hair fall out, and the sugar ups and downs (literally collapsing due to sugar crashes), I've always walked to work, exercised 3-5 times a week, but have switched to low carb/keto lost the weight, keeping it off and not getting cravings (granted its slow but atleast my meds have went down from 1500mg to 500mg metformin and im not fainting and havent since 2009).

    PCOS is a very personal thing, i've put myself up for a few pcos studies but they have very strict criteria '4 mensis within a year' 'not have your latest mensis within a week of start of trial' 'not have the pill within 8 weeks of trial' (ironic considering most are taking the pill to control hormones cause of the pcos, but cant take part of a study cause they are on it, lol!)

    What i'd give to be normal (but i got diagnosed over 10 years ago so have had time to get used to it, its my body its the only one i will have, i may aswell love it :flowerforyou: )
  • yarwell
    yarwell Posts: 10,477 Member
    "Adjusted BMR was 1,868 +/- 41 kcal/day in the control group, 1,445.57 +/- 76 in all PCOS women, 1,590 +/- 130 in PCOS women without IR and 1,116 +/- 106 in PCOS women with IR."

    The "adjusted" caught my eye..

    For each subject the predicted BMR was obtained by substituting the individual lean body mass, fat mass, gender, and age in the linear regression equation generated by the data of all patients. The prediction was then used to do an adjustment..

    Adjusted BMR = BMR for sub-group + (measured BMR - predicted BMR)

    As it happens the adjustment is around 50 cals so not a big deal either way. Does make you wonder what the effect of IR in the absence of PCOS is, the high insulin inhibiting the availability of fat from storage etc.
  • EvgeniZyntx
    EvgeniZyntx Posts: 24,208 Member
    Pretty small cohort don't you think? Has this study been replicated by anyone else?

    Medium size cohort with strong P values, so I don't see it as too small to report. And no, I have not come across a replicated study in this population yet.
  • shorshabae
    shorshabae Posts: 32 Member
    I don't think its too small to report but with minimum cohort being 30, this isn't far off being too small. I appreciate that the findings may be true but I would take it all with a pinch of salt until they expanded it in to a much much bigger study and managed to replicate it.

    I just worry with these kind of things people take a study findings as a gospel and use it to legitimise why they can't lose weight or change their lifestyle. From working in medicine I find that patients love having something to blame for their health when in fact it makes only a small difference overall.
  • EvgeniZyntx
    EvgeniZyntx Posts: 24,208 Member
    "Adjusted BMR was 1,868 +/- 41 kcal/day in the control group, 1,445.57 +/- 76 in all PCOS women, 1,590 +/- 130 in PCOS women without IR and 1,116 +/- 106 in PCOS women with IR."

    The "adjusted" caught my eye..

    For each subject the predicted BMR was obtained by substituting the individual lean body mass, fat mass, gender, and age in the linear regression equation generated by the data of all patients. The prediction was then used to do an adjustment..

    Adjusted BMR = BMR for sub-group + (measured BMR - predicted BMR)

    As it happens the adjustment is around 50 cals so not a big deal either way. Does make you wonder what the effect of IR in the absence of PCOS is, the high insulin inhibiting the availability of fat from storage etc.

    Seems like a reasonable comparison method to remove lbm, age and height factors - although stronger statistical methods could have been used.

    I haven't looked for IR influence in BMR - this was stumbled across as I am looking into source articles on various RMR/BMR equations methods. Frankly a mess.
  • SharonNehring
    SharonNehring Posts: 535 Member
    Thanks for posting this! It does confirm what I've already figured out. I have PCOS with IR which developed into type 2 about 6 months ago. I've been counting carbs and taking meds but one thing has become clear... If I compare 2 weeks with similar eating, one week with daily exercise and one week of 3 days of exercise, the daily exercise week helps me lose 2-3 times more.

    So eating well is good but combined with daily exercise is great!
  • yarwell
    yarwell Posts: 10,477 Member
    Pretty small cohort don't you think? Has this study been replicated by anyone else?

    http://www.healio.com/endocrinology/reproduction-androgen-disorders/news/online/{1299eb75-d58b-404f-8220-28d2daa086d4}/bmi-may-be-most-vital-determinant-of-basal-metabolic-rate-in-pcos

    suggests BMI is a bigger factor, but I can't find the paper easily.
  • yarwell
    yarwell Posts: 10,477 Member
    Seems like a reasonable comparison method to remove lbm, age and height factors - although stronger statistical methods could have been used.

    I'm not a fan of using regression through the study subjects for correction, something more population based appeals more as the small sample gives some pretty weak BMR correlations.
  • _Zardoz_
    _Zardoz_ Posts: 3,987 Member
    I'm afraid just examining study using it's abstract is pretty pointless. Without seeing the whole study it's impossible to evaluate it properly. That's the problem with this forum too many people post abstracts supporting a point of view without access to the full study. All that this abstract is is interesting
  • sbbhbm
    sbbhbm Posts: 1,312 Member
    I have always told anyone who asks me how I've lost and kept the weight off, that for me exercise has been key. Exercise (I'm fairly certain I read this, but anyone feel free to correct me) also has the benefit of increasing insulin response. Diagnosed PCO/IR ten years ago.
  • EvgeniZyntx
    EvgeniZyntx Posts: 24,208 Member
    I don't think its too small to report but with minimum cohort being 30, this isn't far off being too small. I appreciate that the findings may be true but I would take it all with a pinch of salt until they expanded it in to a much much bigger study and managed to replicate it.

    I just worry with these kind of things people take a study findings as a gospel and use it to legitimise why they can't lose weight or change their lifestyle. From working in medicine I find that patients love having something to blame for their health when in fact it makes only a small difference overall.

    Not sure where you are getting that 30. Looking at that "adjusted" difference and variance, the post-hoc power of this study has to be close to 100%, if not that. Methodologically speaking, replication isn't what is needed to validate a study, it remains valid until another study shows reversal of hypothesis.

    As to your interpretation, while it might be true, and some people might use it as justification one doesn't get to argue away results from the convenience of how those results might be improperly used. The data is there, I invite you to find conflicting information that shows that PCOS/IR does not influence metabolism.
  • EvgeniZyntx
    EvgeniZyntx Posts: 24,208 Member
    I'm afraid just examining study using it's abstract is pretty pointless. Without seeing the whole study it's impossible to evaluate it properly. That's the problem with this forum too many people post abstracts supporting a point of view without access to the full study. All that this abstract is is interesting

    I agree that it is usually more effective to review the entire article, however, not having access to it - the abstract and the conclusions presented are still of general interest. Furthermore, a study doesn't exist by itself there is a body of knowledge that supports that PCOS, as complex as it might be, has a variety of hormonal impacts that influence thermogenesis regulation and substrate utilization.
  • kethry70
    kethry70 Posts: 404 Member
    Being a women with PCOS and IR, this is thoroughly depressing, but I always kinda knew it.....

    Screwed hormones, less efficient, it makes sense somewhat.

    Yeah - that.
    Turns out that calories in calories out and exercise work for me... But it worked better when I restricted treats more than I have been lately. When I started in January 2013, I pretty much got all my carbs from fruits, nuts, dairy, and veggies for quite a while.... Now, I aim for 25-30% of my cals from carbs and I try to keep my treats to single measured servings and on an occasional basis. I still restrict grains to fit my macros and cause I don't really miss them.

    Diagnosed PCOS/IR in march of 2003. No meds since my second pregnancy (late 2006). I'm now 44, probably peri-menopausal, and my ovaries apparently looked much improved at my last annual. Turned down having blood work done but now kicking myself since it would be nice to hopefully see what 40+ lbs has done for me even though my BMI and BF% are still high
  • omma_to_3
    omma_to_3 Posts: 3,265 Member
    PCOS and IR. Tested RMR is consistently 10% higher than all the formula estimations.

    If in doubt, get your RMR tested. I was sure mine would be low but it's actually high.
  • heybales
    heybales Posts: 18,842 Member
    Seems like a reasonable comparison method to remove lbm, age and height factors - although stronger statistical methods could have been used.

    I'm not a fan of using regression through the study subjects for correction, something more population based appeals more as the small sample gives some pretty weak BMR correlations.

    Didn't know if you had better access.

    Did they do one of the common weight loss study participant selection methods - no weight loss or attempt in prior 6-9 months?

    Now that I'm seeing more and more studies with results showing people could slow their RMR down by their own weight loss attempts, and keep it suppressed by just eating much less than possible, always curious on that one.

    Because their BMI's are in healthy range, but did they just lose weight to get them there?
  • heybales
    heybales Posts: 18,842 Member
    Being a women with PCOS and IR, this is thoroughly depressing, but I always kinda knew it. (i've always exercised too)

    Screwed hormones, less efficient, it makes sense somewhat.

    More efficient actually it sounds like.

    Can do the same required functions with less calories.

    Though, does your hair seem to grow as fast as others?
    Do you fidget as much as others?

    Those aren't entirely useful either though, because other studies have shown undereating the body stops or slows the spontaneous activity to conserve calories for more important functions.
  • EvgeniZyntx
    EvgeniZyntx Posts: 24,208 Member
    PCOS and IR. Tested RMR is consistently 10% higher than all the formula estimations.

    If in doubt, get your RMR tested. I was sure mine would be low but it's actually high.

    Successfully managed? Treatment? This might influence RMR.
  • Dragonwolf
    Dragonwolf Posts: 5,600 Member
    I don't think its too small to report but with minimum cohort being 30, this isn't far off being too small. I appreciate that the findings may be true but I would take it all with a pinch of salt until they expanded it in to a much much bigger study and managed to replicate it.

    I just worry with these kind of things people take a study findings as a gospel and use it to legitimise why they can't lose weight or change their lifestyle. From working in medicine I find that patients love having something to blame for their health when in fact it makes only a small difference overall.

    Most women with PCOS who have attempted to lose weight do not use it as an excuse and will in fact go to great lengths to try to find something that works (a co-morbid of PCOS is depression, in no small part due to the myriad of issues that range from embarrassing to devastating). There are some who don't (there always is in any group), but that's either a) because they've given up, or b) they'd be lazy even without PCOS and would have just found another excuse.

    Going down as far as 500-800 calories is not uncommon in PCOS circles, often at the recommendation of doctors who don't realize that ketogenic type diets also work and are healthy (arguably healthier than living off of the number of calories that would qualify one as anorexic). And, of course, a ketogenic diet, or other diet that restricts carbs to around 100g and cuts out sugar almost entirely, works very well in women with PCOS, but is considered "extreme" in these parts.

    Studies like this give us (and doctors) a good reason to have our RMR/BMR tested, to find another datapoint to use to find what works, especially for those of us who aren't fortunate enough to be able to just restrict calories like normal, or carbs slightly and be able to lose weight.
  • Dragonwolf
    Dragonwolf Posts: 5,600 Member
    Maybe I'm the lucky exception. I have insulin resistance and am on medications that may cause a slowdown in the ability to lose weight but CICO/IIFYM has worked for me. I also have serious hormone issues due to peri-menopause.

    I'm down 32 lbs in 106 days. That's not bad considering that I am only allowed to use 5000 steps on my FitBit as exercise and I'm set at 1540 calories/day. Yes. I have a closed diary. I don't really feel like getting spoken to about going to Chipotle or eating at the company cafeteria at work.

    I think the study (limited as it is) might be true for a lot of women with PCOS and insulin resistance but I also think that sometimes articles like this give people an excuse to use to explain why they're not losing weight. Flame away. Tell me I'm the exception not the rule but I just don't want people to think they're doomed.

    PCOS is a syndrome, which by definition means that not everyone will present the same way or to the same degree. Consider yourself fortunate that you haven't had issues losing weight on 1540 calories and eating whatever fits your macros (which I assume is more or less what MFP sets for you?), and please don't be so condescending to those of us who haven't been so fortunate as to have the typical recommendations work and have to resort to what most people consider "extreme" or "drastic" in order to see any results.

    A study alone won't make people think they're doomed, their own struggles have already led them down that path, when they have to deal with things like condescending doctors who refuse to run tests and just blame them for being overweight, or clueless doctors who just blindly prescribe Metformin and the Pill and say "good luck," or they have to resort to 800 calories a day to see any weight loss at all and can't keep it up because at the same time, the body can't get enough fuel to power itself. Trust me, daily life has already been enough to make a lot of women with PCOS feel like they're doomed. Be thankful you've been spared that.

    On a side (and slightly more cheery) note -- Chipotle is actually a pretty good choice of place to eat, provided you are sensible about how you build your meal (the worst part about it is that the calories and carbs can really rack up if you're not careful, the food itself is better quality than most other fast food joints).
  • Dragonwolf
    Dragonwolf Posts: 5,600 Member
    Being a women with PCOS and IR, this is thoroughly depressing, but I always kinda knew it. (i've always exercised too)

    Screwed hormones, less efficient, it makes sense somewhat.

    More efficient actually it sounds like.

    Can do the same required functions with less calories.

    Though, does your hair seem to grow as fast as others?
    Do you fidget as much as others?

    Those aren't entirely useful either though, because other studies have shown undereating the body stops or slows the spontaneous activity to conserve calories for more important functions.

    More efficient at storing fat, yes. Less efficient at utilizing what's stored (in a lot of cases). The biggest problem I've personally run into is that my fasting insulin is too high to really allow for the burning of stored fat, so eating below TDEE just results in me getting lethargic and long recovery times, instead of bodyfat metabolism.

    This is the key that I think a lot of people don't get about PCOS -- we often skip the bodyfat burning part entirely, and go straight to process shutdown. Our bodies "make up for the deficit" not by pulling more calories from storage for the "input" half of the equation, but by reducing the "output" half. The body acts like it's starving, even though it's overweight, basically.
  • Elly1021
    Elly1021 Posts: 16 Member
    Thank you for posting about this study. The reduced BMR rings true for me. I have PCOS & IR & I either have to cut carbs or drop my calorie intake WAY down from the suggested before I see results -- more than the 200 or so suggested by the study.

    I find information like this affirming. As a rule, if you dare to suggest that CICO does not seem to be working the way it ought, people tend to think you are... less than credible. Their faith in this system is so absolute that I have doubted myself, wondering: 'Am I eating more than I think? Is my food scale wrong? Am I eating in my sleep?' etc. etc. It can be very frustrating. Information like this helps.
  • omma_to_3
    omma_to_3 Posts: 3,265 Member
    PCOS and IR. Tested RMR is consistently 10% higher than all the formula estimations.

    If in doubt, get your RMR tested. I was sure mine would be low but it's actually high.

    Successfully managed? Treatment? This might influence RMR.

    I've been on Metformin for a long time - 12+ years? I do not do low carb. However, my symptoms never improved with the use of Met. I never regained monthly cycles until I got "old". Hit the age of 35 and started cycling regularly. Losing weight shortened my cycles by about 2 days. So I guess now, my symptoms are very neglible, but you're right, I suppose that could affect my RMR.
  • Dragonwolf
    Dragonwolf Posts: 5,600 Member
    PCOS and IR. Tested RMR is consistently 10% higher than all the formula estimations.

    If in doubt, get your RMR tested. I was sure mine would be low but it's actually high.

    Successfully managed? Treatment? This might influence RMR.

    I've been on Metformin for a long time - 12+ years? I do not do low carb. However, my symptoms never improved with the use of Met. I never regained monthly cycles until I got "old". Hit the age of 35 and started cycling regularly. Losing weight shortened my cycles by about 2 days. So I guess now, my symptoms are very neglible, but you're right, I suppose that could affect my RMR.

    Considering that Metformin doesn't do anything other than increase the liver's sensitivity to insulin (decreasing fasting insulin levels in the blood), there's no real reason for it to change your other symptoms if they weren't being caused by high levels of insulin, which, from the sound of it, they weren't (except for weight, most likely).

    PCOS's woes aren't just caused by elevated insulin, but also by imbalanced hormones. Specifically, too much testosterone (facial/body hair, male patterned baldness) and estrogen dominance (can either be from excess estrogen production or from insufficient progesterone; causes fat gain, general hair loss, and some sources say sluggish metabolism). Considering our estrogen levels fluctuate throughout our lives, especially as we get closer to menopause, and that fat cells create estrogen, it's not surprising that you started cycling regularly and have decreased symptoms, seemingly at random. Additionally, if you were ever on birth control, odds are, it was estrogen-based, exacerbating the matter.
  • whatascene
    whatascene Posts: 119 Member
    I found this really interesting thank you for sharing. I have PCOS + IR too, and I noticed when I went onto this site that while I did this with a friend, she lost more quickly than I did. Though I'm in my BMI and really healthy now, I'm noticing a HUGE struggle in these last 10 lbs to my goal weight. I chose another route though, I tried eating 1200 a day and nothing was happening, I'm on a trial for the next few weeks (changed my diary to lightly active rather than sedentary) to see if that helps.
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