when is the best time to wight after overeating ?

If you want to see the effect of overeating in terms of durable fat gain, I'd say to wait about a week to eliminate all potential 'false' weight gain (water retention, food waste in your system).

Weighing after your workout seems pointless to me in terms of assessing your progress: for assessing your progress, you should weight regularly at the same moment/under the same circumstances: in the morning after going to the bathroom, before breakfast,... and then look at the trend over several weeks.
What could be useful for some people, in terms of making sure they are hydrated enough, is to weigh right before and right after exercising. It will depend on the thype and duration of the exercise of course: I don't think it's very useful for strength training for example, but it can be useful for long runs/bike rides,...

Okay. First, one day is not going to destroy anything, it is not a disaster. Life happens, get back on that horse tomorrow. If life *keeps* happening, figure out how to roll with it - maybe you're trying to lose too aggressively and should eat a little more to make it sustainable, maybe you need to tweak your macros and get more X or less Y, maybe you can't moderate whatever treat keeps blowing up your spot and need to take a break from it for now.

Every time you step on the scale, the only information it gives you is a number describing your relationship with gravity at that exact moment in time. So, the best way to make use of that information is to weigh yourself at regular intervals over a span of time, under the same conditions each time - same time of day (and day of the week if you do it weekly), wearing the same clothes or lack thereof, on the same scale in the same place on the floor. I weigh weekly, first thing Saturday morning after using the toilet, in the nude. The trend over time is the important thing, not any one specific data point. If the trend is moving in the direction you want it to be, then continue to trust the process and keep doing what you're doing. If it's not, then figure out what you need to change. You need at least a couple of month's worth of data before you decide to change anything, though; if you have a menstrual cycle, at least 2 full cycles, and compare data at the same point across each cycle.

The reason is because your weight fluctuates all the time due to all kinds of factors. Even people who have reached goal and are maintaining are generally maintaining within a 5-10lb range, not their goal-weight number exactly, especially people with menstrual cycles. If you weigh yourself at random times, wearing random clothes, under random circumstances (random amounts of time since last you used the toilet, ate/drank anything, exercised in any way), on various scales (i.e. your scale at home and the scale at the grocery store and the scale at your friend's house and the scale at the doctor's office), you're going to get numbers that vary wildly.

Yes, try not to worry about that overindulgence. It probably won't show up immediately, and may not even show up at all! I know for me, some days I am perfectly perfect with my eating, etc, but my weight will go up. And other times, I've overeaten, my weight goes down. ???? So there is no set time to weigh to know what the circumstances of any particular time will result. I weight every morning upon wakening, after voiding bladder and bowels, sans clothes. Same exact way. Then record that result. My graph is all over the place, but the trend is steadily downward.

Here is my latest graph that I took a screenshot of from here. Notice all the peaks and valleys? This is a culmination of every day for the past 30 days. See how even though there are times my weight has gone up, basically my weight is moving down. So that is all I need to know.

Wait until you go to the gym / workout the next day. Exercise is the antidote to overeating. Enjoy and move.

Ive learned to stay FAR away from the scale for the next day or 2 (at least) after over eating. The number you see will not be a true reflection and it's just demotivating

I am currently averaging 2700 or so per day by seven day trend. I eat about 2500 per day with room for one much larger day per week.

I’ve learnt that my trend is to be at my lowest on Saturday, highest (by three or four pounds) mid week.

This has been my trend for months in maintenance.

Size stays the same, clothes all fit, that’s all that matters.

Learn thyself. Grant thyself patience and grace. 😇

One day or two or even three does not a train wreck make.