How much does diet and meal timing really matter?
fatcity66
Posts: 1,544 Member
There is a girl at my work (she's probably in her mid 30s-early 40s) that does figure competitions, and she is prepping for a contest right now. She said that she eats 7 times a days, with lean protein, and a small amount of carbs at each meal. She swears that it increases her metabolism. She already looks great, and is very healthy and fit, in spite of having autoimmune hypothyroidism, so obviously she is doing something right. While preparing for a competition she eats a lot of egg whites and chicken and turkey breast. For carbs she eats oats, sweet potatoes, and rice, in very small portions. She doesn't eat any red meat, very little fat, and of course no processed sugar and "crap" foods (her words). I was a bit puzzled but I didn't argue the point, since she's in a lot better shape than I am. When she isn't prepping she will eat more normally, including Taco Bell, cupcakes, etc.
So, is all of this she's doing unnecessary? Could she still get the same results eating only 3 times a day, and eating lean red meats, with occasional treats, but the same amount of calories and protein? Or do these people actually know what they're talking about?
So, is all of this she's doing unnecessary? Could she still get the same results eating only 3 times a day, and eating lean red meats, with occasional treats, but the same amount of calories and protein? Or do these people actually know what they're talking about?
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For people that are successful with 6-7 meals/day, it's because they're spacing their meals to feel satisfied throughout the day. If that person were to eat the same amount of calories in 3 meals/day, they'd likely be no more or less successful.
At the end of the day, if your calories out exceed your calories in, you'll be successful in losing weight. 17 meals/day or 1 meal/day at the same calorie level will lead to similar results. Training yourself to survive at a caloric deficit or maintenance level is the key to success long term.0 -
For your average person, meal timing does not matter as far as metabolism/weight loss goes. For serious athletes and figure competitors, I really do not know. I don't fall into either category so I don't pay attention to what is best for them.
Now as far as having energy/feeling energetic during a workout, meals or snacks can make a difference for regular people. That's really a personalized thing (some people can exercise on empty, some can't, some are in between.)0 -
In my experience, it's pretty easy to get to and maintain a healthy BF%...like I have zero issue maintaining 12-15% BF eating pretty healthfully...but also drinking beer with frequency, having pizza nights, eating my desert every night, etc.
It is much more difficult for me to get down around 8-10% BF and to maintain that without getting really strict with my diet just as she has done. There are physiological things that happen when you're already pretty lean but want to get leaner...the human body doesn't like being super lean...at least at my age it doesn't.
Also, a lot of what being that strict does is simply cuts out a lot of calories and reduces water as well...obviously the reduction of calories is going to help reduce the BF%...but removing foods that frequently require the body to hold onto more water would be beneficial in a physique competition...as she would want the leanest possible look.
ETA: meal timing and frequency aren't going to matter a whole lot for the average Joe/Jane...they become more important when you are an athlete and competing, etc. When I train for a century ride for example, my meal timing is very important...not for my weight necessarily, but for my recovery.
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For people that are successful with 6-7 meals/day, it's because they're spacing their meals to feel satisfied throughout the day. If that person were to eat the same amount of calories in 3 meals/day, they'd likely be no more or less successful.
At the end of the day, if your calories out exceed your calories in, you'll be successful in losing weight. 17 meals/day or 1 meal/day at the same calorie level will lead to similar results. Training yourself to survive at a caloric deficit or maintenance level is the key to success long term.
Well, yeah, I mentioned that to her, and she said no, meal timing absolutely matters, and she doesn't just do it for satiety, but that it actually increases her metabolism. She seems very well informed about diet and nutrition, and has been doing this for years, so I just find it hard to believe that she is dead wrong about this?0 -
Generally during competition prep people will lower their calories significantly. To keep from feeling like they are starving they will eat chicken, egg whites, vegetables and oatmeal. It's not necessary, especially if they start prep far enough out from a show.
Honestly, many people who compete end up with eating disorders or they rebound (gain tons of weight) after a show. Extremely restrictive dieting is not sustainable to most people and binge eating for weeks after a show happens often.
What you are doing is just fine as long as it is sustainable for you, includes appropriate macros and meets your micro needs. No need to go to extremes like competitors do during contest prep. You'd hate to reach your goal quickly, just to gain it all back.0 -
For people that are successful with 6-7 meals/day, it's because they're spacing their meals to feel satisfied throughout the day. If that person were to eat the same amount of calories in 3 meals/day, they'd likely be no more or less successful.
At the end of the day, if your calories out exceed your calories in, you'll be successful in losing weight. 17 meals/day or 1 meal/day at the same calorie level will lead to similar results. Training yourself to survive at a caloric deficit or maintenance level is the key to success long term.
Well, yeah, I mentioned that to her, and she said no, meal timing absolutely matters, and she doesn't just do it for satiety, but that it actually increases her metabolism. She seems very well informed about diet and nutrition, and has been doing this for years, so I just find it hard to believe that she is dead wrong about this?
Meal timing matters to a small degree. What matters more is adherence to calories and macros.
Our metabolism spikes when we eat, but it is in direct response to the amount we eat and the macros. If you eat 200 calories worth of protein it will spike half as much as if you eat 400 calories worth of protein. She's getting smaller spikes multiple times during the day, where you are getting larger spikes fewer times during the day.0 -
Meal timing and diet type are personal preference only and have nothing to do with weight loss, maintenance, or weight gain, and it does not do anything for metabolism.There is a girl at my work (she's probably in her mid 30s-early 40s) that does figure competitions, and she is prepping for a contest right now. She said that she eats 7 times a days, with lean protein, and a small amount of carbs at each meal. She swears that it increases her metabolism. She already looks great, and is very healthy and fit, in spite of having autoimmune hypothyroidism, so obviously she is doing something right. While preparing for a competition she eats a lot of egg whites and chicken and turkey breast. For carbs she eats oats, sweet potatoes, and rice, in very small portions. She doesn't eat any red meat, very little fat, and of course no processed sugar and "crap" foods (her words). I was a bit puzzled but I didn't argue the point, since she's in a lot better shape than I am. When she isn't prepping she will eat more normally, including Taco Bell, cupcakes, etc.
So, is all of this she's doing unnecessary? Could she still get the same results eating only 3 times a day, and eating lean red meats, with occasional treats, but the same amount of calories and protein? Or do these people actually know what they're talking about?
However, exercise and lean muscle mass raise our TDEE, so it sounds like she's chosen eating plans that fit for her during both her training and when she is not. If she maintains her weight, it sounds like she is good at portion control and knowing when to stop eating.
It sounds like she has good macro balance, as well, which is for body composition, nutrition, satiety, and energy levels.
You can get the same results eating all your calories in one meal, two meals, three meals, or even more. You can graze all day within your calorie goals and lose weight.
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For people that are successful with 6-7 meals/day, it's because they're spacing their meals to feel satisfied throughout the day. If that person were to eat the same amount of calories in 3 meals/day, they'd likely be no more or less successful.
At the end of the day, if your calories out exceed your calories in, you'll be successful in losing weight. 17 meals/day or 1 meal/day at the same calorie level will lead to similar results. Training yourself to survive at a caloric deficit or maintenance level is the key to success long term.
Well, yeah, I mentioned that to her, and she said no, meal timing absolutely matters, and she doesn't just do it for satiety, but that it actually increases her metabolism. She seems very well informed about diet and nutrition, and has been doing this for years, so I just find it hard to believe that she is dead wrong about this?
Meal timing matters to a small degree. What matters more is adherence to calories and macros.
Our metabolism spikes when we eat, but it is in direct response to the amount we eat and the macros. If you eat 200 calories worth of protein it will spike half as much as if you eat 400 calories worth of protein. She's getting smaller spikes multiple times during the day, where you are getting larger spikes fewer times during the day.
Thanks for explaining that! I think a lot of it has to do with increasing her energy level as well. Because she eats often, and small meals, she's never overly full and sluggish, but has a more constant level of energy, which probably increases her NEAT, as well as allowing her to work out more strenuously.0 -
my brother is in excellent shape (pilates instructor/fitness personal trainer) and he eats a dozen times a day, very small meals. now, he is not trying to lose weight, so maybe that makes a difference, but he swears by his method. he might eat a spoonful of peanut butter + a handful of raspberries and call that "a meal." i guess it might be worth trying to see how i do with the same method. i just find it difficult to remember to eat that many times, i get so busy. plus he doesn't have children so he doesn't have to think about others when preparing food.0
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For people that are successful with 6-7 meals/day, it's because they're spacing their meals to feel satisfied throughout the day. If that person were to eat the same amount of calories in 3 meals/day, they'd likely be no more or less successful.
At the end of the day, if your calories out exceed your calories in, you'll be successful in losing weight. 17 meals/day or 1 meal/day at the same calorie level will lead to similar results. Training yourself to survive at a caloric deficit or maintenance level is the key to success long term.
Well, yeah, I mentioned that to her, and she said no, meal timing absolutely matters, and she doesn't just do it for satiety, but that it actually increases her metabolism. She seems very well informed about diet and nutrition, and has been doing this for years, so I just find it hard to believe that she is dead wrong about this?
Meal timing matters to a small degree. What matters more is adherence to calories and macros.
Our metabolism spikes when we eat, but it is in direct response to the amount we eat and the macros. If you eat 200 calories worth of protein it will spike half as much as if you eat 400 calories worth of protein. She's getting smaller spikes multiple times during the day, where you are getting larger spikes fewer times during the day.
Thanks for explaining that! I think a lot of it has to do with increasing her energy level as well. Because she eats often, and small meals, she's never overly full and sluggish, but has a more constant level of energy, which probably increases her NEAT, as well as allowing her to work out more strenuously.
That would be a personal preference and adherence though. During my competition prep I ate four meals. If I didn't eat enough to feel full at one meal then my NEAT would drop because I would feel sluggish and crabby. I tried eating 6 meals per day, but there wasn't enough at each meal to feel satisfied, which lead to me not sticking to my calorie goal.
You eat in a way that works for you. Focus on overall adherence, whether your calorie/macro goals are appropriate and getting in appropriate exercise for your goals.0 -
Totally unnecessary ... but some folks like to jump through hoops for entertainment, right?0
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How sad that Taco Bell and cupcakes seem "normal."
Her diet sounds great, but the timing thing is unnecessary.0 -
All my friends that do bikini competitions do the same with meal timing. Everyone on MFP seems to disagree but I don't see many of them competing in bikini competitions...0
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Asher_Ethan wrote: »All my friends that do bikini competitions do the same with meal timing. Everyone on MFP seems to disagree but I don't see many of them competing in bikini competitions...
So is it that it works or is it that it is passed along as a sort of "folk practice" among those who compete?
If you look at relatively insular communities with specialized interests, I bet you would find a lot of things done for specific reasons. They get passed from person to person and, if they don't hurt, then they are continued. But this isn't the same thing as establishing that it is the best way to do something.
It could be. Or it could just be that people are doing what is usually done.0 -
Asher_Ethan wrote: »All my friends that do bikini competitions do the same with meal timing. Everyone on MFP seems to disagree but I don't see many of them competing in bikini competitions...
@Asher_Ethan I don't eat that way and I do bodybuilding competition (meaning my body fat has to be even lower than a bikini competitor). It's the traditional "bro" way of cutting for a show. It's not the only way to do it and it isn't necessarily the most effective way to do it.0 -
Asher_Ethan wrote: »All my friends that do bikini competitions do the same with meal timing. Everyone on MFP seems to disagree but I don't see many of them competing in bikini competitions...
@Asher_Ethan I don't eat that way and I do bodybuilding competition (meaning my body fat has to be even lower than a bikini competitor). It's the traditional "bro" way of cutting for a show. It's not the only way to do it and it isn't necessarily the most effective way to do it.
^^^This.
Way to try to take a shot at other members.
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@Asher_Ethan I don't eat that way and I do bodybuilding competition (meaning my body fat has to be even lower than a bikini competitor). It's the traditional "bro" way of cutting for a show. It's not the only way to do it and it isn't necessarily the most effective way to do it.
@usmcmp Thanks for the information. I honestly thought that if bikini competitors ate this way, then that is how it worked to get that, "bod." I really wish I knew where, "eat 7x a day," came from because every single one of my friends that competes thinks this way.
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Asher_Ethan wrote: »
@Asher_Ethan I don't eat that way and I do bodybuilding competition (meaning my body fat has to be even lower than a bikini competitor). It's the traditional "bro" way of cutting for a show. It's not the only way to do it and it isn't necessarily the most effective way to do it.
@usmcmp Thanks for the information. I honestly thought that if bikini competitors ate this way, then that is how it worked to get that, "bod." I really wish I knew where, "eat 7x a day," came from because every single one of my friends that competes thinks this way.
It started long before we had the science explaining things. It also started when bodybuilders openly and freely used steroids during competitions. They had to eat more and often to continue fueling their body. People took advice from the pros (without the steroid use) and figured that was the golden rule for competition dieting. Many competitors who reach high levels have to use steroids to get there, even with the "traditional bodybuilding diet" (yes, even bikini competitors use some pretty hard steroids).0 -
Well, yeah, I mentioned that to her, and she said no, meal timing absolutely matters, and she doesn't just do it for satiety, but that it actually increases her metabolism. She seems very well informed about diet and nutrition, and has been doing this for years, so I just find it hard to believe that she is dead wrong about this?
For the vast majority of people, it won't matter. Comp body builders are outliers. Things matter for them that wouldn't for people with higher/normal BF%. She is, technically, right in a way. Consuming more protein stimulates higher protein oxidation after a number of days. So I guess you could say that's stimulating her metabolism (at least the amino acid part of it). The body is inefficient at storing protein (compared to fat & glycogen/carbs), so the amino acids it cannot use for tissue synthesis get oxidized. That's why body builders spread out their protein consumption in 7 meals vs. 3. It seems like there's bro science among the body building set, too, so who knows where she's coming from. Good on her, though. Huge discipline required.
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Well, yeah, I mentioned that to her, and she said no, meal timing absolutely matters, and she doesn't just do it for satiety, but that it actually increases her metabolism. She seems very well informed about diet and nutrition, and has been doing this for years, so I just find it hard to believe that she is dead wrong about this?
For the vast majority of people, it won't matter. Comp body builders are outliers. Things matter for them that wouldn't for people with higher/normal BF%. She is, technically, right in a way. Consuming more protein stimulates higher protein oxidation after a number of days. So I guess you could say that's stimulating her metabolism (at least the amino acid part of it). The body is inefficient at storing protein (compared to fat & glycogen/carbs), so the amino acids it cannot use for tissue synthesis get oxidized. That's why body builders spread out their protein consumption in 7 meals vs. 3. It seems like there's bro science among the body building set, so who knows where she's coming from. Good on her, though. Huge discipline required.
Except that our body doesn't break down protein immediately and different types of protein are broken down over different lengths of time. There is a lot of broscience in the bodybuilding community. It works, but not for the reasons most of them think it does.0 -
Asher_Ethan wrote: »All my friends that do bikini competitions do the same with meal timing. Everyone on MFP seems to disagree but I don't see many of them competing in bikini competitions...
@Asher_Ethan I don't eat that way and I do bodybuilding competition (meaning my body fat has to be even lower than a bikini competitor). It's the traditional "bro" way of cutting for a show. It's not the only way to do it and it isn't necessarily the most effective way to do it.
I'm genuinely curious and you've always seemed to know your stuff...as I mentioned in my post, I have zero issues getting to and maintaining 12-15% BF...I eat pretty healthfully, but I also like beer and eat desert pretty much every night and like having my pizza nights with my boys every couple weeks, etc...but I find it very difficult, even when I'm counting and being meticulous to get down to 10% or lower if I'm regularly consuming beer and whatnot. I'm very much a CICO guy, but there does seem to be some kind of issue for me in getting down to and particularly maintaining below about 12%.
I've kind of just chalked it up to being 40 and resigned myself to having a relatively flat stomach, but not a six pack...I don't know...what are your thoughts? From a purely math point of view I find it frustrating...0 -
Agreeazulvioleta6 wrote: »How sad that Taco Bell and cupcakes seem "normal."
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I've followed diets under professional supervision twice in my life.
Once for vanity under the care of a nutritionist and once under the care of a great perinatologist for the treatment of gestational diabetes.
Both times I was put on a very strict diet that followed the lines of your friend's diet - only I wasn't allowed rice either time.
Both times I was instructed to eat 5 times a day.
The portions were smaller than if I were to have "three square meals". In other words, I wasn't eating more food, just more often.
My doctor did so so that I could prevent insulin spikes, as the priority was to control the gestational diabetes through diet only (without significant exercise or medication)
Honestly, I didn't like eating 5 meals a day. And sometimes I skipped some of the mid afternoon meals. Since I had to monitor my blood sugar throughout the day, I noticed that whenever I went longer than 3 hours without eating, my insulin would spike.
So I stuck to the diet.
I was able to manage my blood sugar and the diabetes resolved after the birth of my kid - as it often happens with gestational diabetes.
I don't know whether there's a correlation between insulin levels / weight loss / metabolism.
And even then, we all know that correlation does not mean causation. But it is interesting that both the (vanity) nutritionist and the M.D had the same approach.
Regarding the specifics of her diet: I think that those types of confined meal options (having egg whites, chicken breast, sweet potatoes and broccoli every day and repeat the next day) work for *some* people. Those sorts of meal plans seem to be super popular in the body building /fitness industry. But it wouldn't work for me because I would burn out.
I need variety.
So, I eat 5 times a day now. Small meals, but they are varied and they satisfy me.
When I was at my heaviest I'd drink a couple of cups of coffee and nothing else all day and then have a huge dinner.
I am not saying that breaking up my meals (alone) makes me lose weight, but it seems to be one of the factors that contributes to my weight loss.
I think the main problem was that by the end of the day I was soooooo hungry I felt like Godzilla and I'd devour everything on site (twice!) So, not only was I spiking my blood sugar /insulin; I was also making very poor choices.
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cwolfman13 wrote: »Asher_Ethan wrote: »All my friends that do bikini competitions do the same with meal timing. Everyone on MFP seems to disagree but I don't see many of them competing in bikini competitions...
I don't eat that way and I do bodybuilding competition (meaning my body fat has to be even lower than a bikini competitor). It's the traditional "bro" way of cutting for a show. It's not the only way to do it and it isn't necessarily the most effective way to do it.
I'm genuinely curious and you've always seemed to know your stuff...as I mentioned in my post, I have zero issues getting to and maintaining 12-15% BF...I eat pretty healthfully, but I also like beer and eat desert pretty much every night and like having my pizza nights with my boys every couple weeks, etc...but I find it very difficult, even when I'm counting and being meticulous to get down to 10% or lower if I'm regularly consuming beer and whatnot. I'm very much a CICO guy, but there does seem to be some kind of issue for me in getting down to and particularly maintaining below about 12%.
I've kind of just chalked it up to being 40 and resigned myself to having a relatively flat stomach, but not a six pack...I don't know...what are your thoughts? From a purely math point of view I find it frustrating...
@cwolfman13 There are a lot of factors to that. When you reach a certain point hormones do have an impact. I'm not saying you would have to cut out beer, but it may be an issue of needing to adjust intake again or adjust macros. Some people find that adding in a refeed day is important (lots and lots of carbs with very little fat and adequate protein) to reset leptin levels. Some people need carb cycling (playing slightly with glycogen levels, insulin response, as well as TEF).
I think for most people it comes down to less accuracy or overestimation of TDEE. The TDEE thing could be lower NEAT or adaptive thermogenesis or simply less effort put into workouts. I don't see this being your particular issue, since you don't ever seem in denial of your habits.0 -
cwolfman13 wrote: »Asher_Ethan wrote: »All my friends that do bikini competitions do the same with meal timing. Everyone on MFP seems to disagree but I don't see many of them competing in bikini competitions...
I don't eat that way and I do bodybuilding competition (meaning my body fat has to be even lower than a bikini competitor). It's the traditional "bro" way of cutting for a show. It's not the only way to do it and it isn't necessarily the most effective way to do it.
I'm genuinely curious and you've always seemed to know your stuff...as I mentioned in my post, I have zero issues getting to and maintaining 12-15% BF...I eat pretty healthfully, but I also like beer and eat desert pretty much every night and like having my pizza nights with my boys every couple weeks, etc...but I find it very difficult, even when I'm counting and being meticulous to get down to 10% or lower if I'm regularly consuming beer and whatnot. I'm very much a CICO guy, but there does seem to be some kind of issue for me in getting down to and particularly maintaining below about 12%.
I've kind of just chalked it up to being 40 and resigned myself to having a relatively flat stomach, but not a six pack...I don't know...what are your thoughts? From a purely math point of view I find it frustrating...
@cwolfman13 There are a lot of factors to that. When you reach a certain point hormones do have an impact. I'm not saying you would have to cut out beer, but it may be an issue of needing to adjust intake again or adjust macros. Some people find that adding in a refeed day is important (lots and lots of carbs with very little fat and adequate protein) to reset leptin levels. Some people need carb cycling (playing slightly with glycogen levels, insulin response, as well as TEF).
I think for most people it comes down to less accuracy or overestimation of TDEE. The TDEE thing could be lower NEAT or adaptive thermogenesis or simply less effort put into workouts. I don't see this being your particular issue, since you don't ever seem in denial of your habits.
@usmcmp Yeah, it's weird...and I'm working on a few things with my coach in this cut I'm in right now...like re-feeds, etc.
Last summer I had gotten down pretty low; you could see some abs, but there was definitely a little layer of fat over them. I wasn't counting at the time due to I had been maintaining so long and re-comping really well...so I dropped beer altogether and was pretty strict on my diet for a few weeks and pop...I had abs...well, for a couple days anyway.
Since I wasn't counting, at the time, it probably was just that bit of calorie reduction and probably some beer bloat as well. I had a tough time maintaining that though...my hormones were definitely kicking in and I pretty much felt like I could eat a house all of the time. I really didn't like the way I felt too much, but it looked good. I also felt kind of week in the weight room.
At any rate, didn't mean to derail this thread, I just think it's an interesting topic and I'm in another cut right now so we shall see where this ends up.0 -
Things that may matter for someone squeaking out the tiniest last bit of performance are different from what really matters to people just trying to lose some fat.
Until you're already very fit and pretty lean, things like meal timing are just lost in the noise.
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Asher_Ethan wrote: »All my friends that do bikini competitions do the same with meal timing. Everyone on MFP seems to disagree but I don't see many of them competing in bikini competitions...
Well, then those doing bikini competitions have similar personal preferences. Meal timing has nothing to do with weight loss, maintenance, or gain. It's preference only.0 -
beachhouse758 wrote: »I've followed diets under professional supervision twice in my life.
Once for vanity under the care of a nutritionist and once under the care of a great perinatologist for the treatment of gestational diabetes.
Both times I was put on a very strict diet that followed the lines of your friend's diet - only I wasn't allowed rice either time.
Both times I was instructed to eat 5 times a day.
The portions were smaller than if I were to have "three square meals". In other words, I wasn't eating more food, just more often.
My doctor did so so that I could prevent insulin spikes, as the priority was to control the gestational diabetes through diet only (without significant exercise or medication)
Honestly, I didn't like eating 5 meals a day. And sometimes I skipped some of the mid afternoon meals. Since I had to monitor my blood sugar throughout the day, I noticed that whenever I went longer than 3 hours without eating, my insulin would spike.
So I stuck to the diet.
I was able to manage my blood sugar and the diabetes resolved after the birth of my kid - as it often happens with gestational diabetes.
I don't know whether there's a correlation between insulin levels / weight loss / metabolism.
And even then, we all know that correlation does not mean causation. But it is interesting that both the (vanity) nutritionist and the M.D had the same approach.
Regarding the specifics of her diet: I think that those types of confined meal options (having egg whites, chicken breast, sweet potatoes and broccoli every day and repeat the next day) work for *some* people. Those sorts of meal plans seem to be super popular in the body building /fitness industry. But it wouldn't work for me because I would burn out.
I need variety.
So, I eat 5 times a day now. Small meals, but they are varied and they satisfy me.
When I was at my heaviest I'd drink a couple of cups of coffee and nothing else all day and then have a huge dinner.
I am not saying that breaking up my meals (alone) makes me lose weight, but it seems to be one of the factors that contributes to my weight loss.
I think the main problem was that by the end of the day I was soooooo hungry I felt like Godzilla and I'd devour everything on site (twice!) So, not only was I spiking my blood sugar /insulin; I was also making very poor choices.
Meal timing is important to the individual because it helps them to stick to a calorie deficit. On the weekdays, I eat 5-6 meals a day, all of which are smaller. On weekends, I eat 3 bigger meals and maybe one small snack. I do this for satiety.0 -
Asher_Ethan wrote: »All my friends that do bikini competitions do the same with meal timing. Everyone on MFP seems to disagree but I don't see many of them competing in bikini competitions...
Correlation = causation.0 -
I'll weigh in on this because I did compete in contests.
Basically it's indoctrinated prep dieting for shows. For the longest time it's never been questioned because it was hard to argue with the results that competitors were achieving.
From my experience, eating more meals more often just helped to keep you from starving because it was a pretty big deficit versus how one eats in the "off season". Imagine going from about 3000-4000 calories a day of bulk up/maintenance eating, to 1800-2000 or even a little less to get to single digit body fat percentages. And it's way less for females. You're weaker, fatigue easier, and sometimes get lethargic from the hard dieting.
The reason for all the "clean" eating was so that you can meet all your nutritional essentials on lower calories. Again, like any weight and fat loss program, calorie deficit is needed whether you're an elite athlete, bikini competitor, average over weight person, etc., and being able to fill yourself up more with more volume of food because of less calories helped to stave of some of the hunger.
Trust when I say that during comp prep and just before carbing up for a show, competitors may be in their most unhealthiest state due to calorie and fat reduction. Immunity level drops too which is why it's not uncommon for many competitors to have to pull out of a comp due to illness.
It's been a long time since I've last competed, but it doesn't sound like much has changed when it comes to prep.
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Been in fitness for 30 years and have studied kinesiology and nutrition
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