Interesting Studies: Probably low carb related in one way or another
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AlabasterVerve wrote: »Guest post by Gary Taubes in response to AHA doubling down on their anti saturated fat message:
Vegetable oils, (Francis) Bacon, Bing Crosby, and the American Heart Association
Correction on the anti saturated fat piece from AHA. Disclosures updated from none to Unilever.0 -
Cochran: Whole grain cereals for cardiovascular disease
Conclusion
There is insufficient evidence from randomised controlled trials to date to recommend consumption of whole grain diets to reduce the risk of cardiovascular disease, or lower blood cholesterol, or blood pressure.
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Article: The Ketogenic Diet’s Impact on Body Fat, Muscle Mass, Strength, and Endurance
Part 1 of a planned 6 part series.0 -
Videos:
- Stephan Guyenet: AHS17 Where do cravings come from?
0 - Stephan Guyenet: AHS17 Where do cravings come from?
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Op-Ed It's getting clearer — the diet-cancer connection points to sugar and carbs
Cantley’s best explanation for the obesity-cancer connection is that both conditions are also linked to elevated levels of the hormone insulin. His research has revealed how insulin drives cells to grow and take up glucose (blood sugar) by activating a series of genes, a pathway that has been implicated in most human cancers.
The problem isn’t the presence of insulin in our blood. We all need insulin to live. But when insulin rises to abnormally high levels and remains elevated (a condition known as insulin resistance, common in obesity), it can promote the growth of tumors directly and indirectly. Too much insulin and many of our tissues are bombarded with more growth signals and more fuel than they would ever see under normal metabolic conditions. And because elevated insulin directs our bodies to store fat, it can also be linked to the various ways the fat tissue itself is thought to contribute to cancer.
Having recognized the risks of excess insulin-signaling, Cantley and other metabolism researchers are following the science to its logical conclusion: The danger may not be simply eating too much, as is commonly thought, but rather eating too much of the specific foods most likely to lead to elevated insulin levels — easily digestible carbohydrates in general, and sugar in particular.
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AlabasterVerve wrote: »Blog post by Amy Berger: More Than You Ever Wanted to Know About Protein & Gluconeogenesis
Of all the myths and misinformation I wish we could kill, strap to a block of concrete, and push off the side of a boat in very deep, shark-infested waters, the protein = sugar thing is close to the top.
This is a pretty good blog. Read it 3x.AlabasterVerve wrote: »Article: The Ketogenic Diet’s Impact on Body Fat, Muscle Mass, Strength, and Endurance
Part 1 of a planned 6 part series.
Also, big fan of this.2 -
AlabasterVerve wrote: »Videos:
- Stephan Guyenet: AHS17 Where do cravings come from?
The Masterjohn video is REALLY rustling jimmies across the internet. The pro-keto twitter accounts are in panic meltdown mode!2 - Stephan Guyenet: AHS17 Where do cravings come from?
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More on Inuit and ketosis: The paradox of the carnitine palmitoyltransferase type Ia P479L variant in Canadian Aboriginal populations
Source via Ted Naiman
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AlabasterVerve wrote: »Videos:
- Stephan Guyenet: AHS17 Where do cravings come from?
I just wish that Masterjohn video was written. My flu addled brain could not make it through all the details. Too dull of a presentation. Interesting ifno though.
I don't think ketosis is needed all the time for most people except those who need ketosis for medical reasons. Otherwise cycling in and out of ketosis seems to make some sense. I think keto'ers may panic because they assume it is all or nothing: keto or SAD, which is not at all true.
Thanks for posting these. Your thread is one of the few I follow in MFP.
1 - Stephan Guyenet: AHS17 Where do cravings come from?
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Aww, I'm sorry you're sick! And thank you - glad someone else is interested in this stuff.
I think ketosis is a normal part of the fed/fasted state or lengthy/intense exercise and it's unhealthy to never be in ketosis. From everything I've read and observed constant ketosis isn't a concern (which is good news for me because I'm in ketosis more often than not even though it's not something I strive for) but being metabolically flexible seems like the ideal to me too (which I think the arctic populations support if I'm understanding it correctly).
But if extremes are the only two options - always being in ketosis or never being in ketosis - I think it's probably better to be in ketosis. I'm always open to new theories or science though... even if personally I feel like I have it all figured out.
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I enjoy these posts. It often ends up with a long trip down a rabbit hole. Thanks for posting them.
I think ketosis is something that could benefit most people too. Nothing wrong with a little metabolic flexibility, for sure. I tend to be in ketosis most of the time too. I think cycling in and out is fine as long as the diet is kept pretty healthy, and whole foods is the focus.
That mutation in the arctic is an odd one though. I am surprised that the ability to have more brown fat seems to outweigh the ability to survive better in times of famine (when ketosis helps one deal with hypoglycemia)... or maybe there are very few times of famine up there? Its interesting either way. 1 -
If I remember correctly (it's only been a day and I've already forgotten most of his lecture
) Masterjohn seems to think it was to prevent the risk of ketoacidosis. Constant ketosis and extreme conditions led to an increased potential? Dunno, but I agree it's interesting. 0 -
Re-evaluation of the traditional diet-heart hypothesis: analysis of recovered data from Minnesota Coronary Experiment (1968-73)
There was a 22% higher risk of death for each 30 mg/dL (0.78 mmol/L) reduction in serum cholesterol in covariate adjusted Cox regression models (hazard ratio 1.22, 95% confidence interval 1.14 to 1.32; P<0.001).
There was no evidence of benefit in the intervention group for coronary atherosclerosis or myocardial infarcts. Systematic review identified five randomized controlled trials for inclusion (n=10 808). In meta-analyses, these cholesterol lowering interventions showed no evidence of benefit on mortality from coronary heart disease (1.13, 0.83 to 1.54) or all cause mortality (1.07, 0.90 to 1.27).
Conclusions Available evidence from randomized controlled trials shows that replacement of saturated fat in the diet with linoleic acid effectively lowers serum cholesterol but does not support the hypothesis that this translates to a lower risk of death from coronary heart disease or all causes.
Findings from the Minnesota Coronary Experiment add to growing evidence that incomplete publication has contributed to overestimation of the benefits of replacing saturated fat with vegetable oils rich in linoleic acid.
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AlabasterVerve wrote: »Blog post by Amy Berger: More Than You Ever Wanted to Know About Protein & Gluconeogenesis
Of all the myths and misinformation I wish we could kill, strap to a block of concrete, and push off the side of a boat in very deep, shark-infested waters, the protein = sugar thing is close to the top.
This is a pretty good blog. Read it 3x.AlabasterVerve wrote: »Article: The Ketogenic Diet’s Impact on Body Fat, Muscle Mass, Strength, and Endurance
Part 1 of a planned 6 part series.
Also, big fan of this.
so i finally followed the Alan Aragon link and lo and below - Brad Dieter who also reviewed it is one of the Eat to Perform guys that I have been working with for close to 2 years now - has a PhD in exercise physiology0 -
Induced and controlled dietary ketosis as a regulator of obesity and metabolic syndrome pathologies.
Abstract
A worsening epidemic of diabetes and its precursor, metabolic syndrome (MetS) is engulfing America. A healthy individual, with proper glucose regulation has an ability to switch between burning fat and carbohydrates. It has been suggested that signaling errors within this homeostatic system, characterized by impaired switching of substrate oxidation from glucose to fat in response to insulin, can contribute to the etiology of metabolic syndrome and occurs before the development of type II diabetes.
Glucose regulation with restored insulin sensitivity facilitated through clinically regulated, benign dietary ketosis (BDK), may significantly reduce, regulate and reverse the adverse pathologies common to MetS and obesity. The study assessed if prolonged maintenance of induced and controlled physiological, dietary ketosis, would reverse pathological processes induced by MetS including a reduction in fasting triglycerides, BMI (body mass index) and body fat mass (BFM), weight, a significant decrease and/or normalization of hemoglobin A1c (HgA1c) and an increase in resting metabolic rate (RMR) and blood ketones.
A group of 30 adults, previously diagnosed with MetS by their primary care physician, were randomly prescribed to one of three groups: a sustained ketogenic diet with no exercise, standard American diet (SAD) with no exercise or SAD with 3-5 days per week of exercise (30 min.). The results demonstrated that the change over time from week 0 to week 10 was significant (p=0.001) in the ketogenic group for weight, body fat percentage, BMI, HgA1c and ketones. All variables for the ketogenic group out-performed those of the exercise and non-exercise groups, with five of the seven demonstrating statistical significance.
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The dopamine motive system: implications for drug and food addiction
Repeated administration of the reinforcer (drugs, energy-rich foods) generates conditioned associations between the reinforcer and the predicting cues, which is accompanied by downregulated dopaminergic response to other incentives and downregulated capacity for top-down self-regulation, facilitating the emergence of impulsive and compulsive responses to food or drug cues.
Thus, dopamine contributes to addiction and obesity through its differentiated roles in reinforcement, motivation and self-regulation, referred to here as the 'dopamine motive system', which, if compromised, can result in increased, habitual and inflexible responding.
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Effect of Distinct Lifestyle Interventions on Mobilization of Fat Storage Pools: The CENTRAL MRI Randomized Controlled Trial
The MED/LC diet was superior to LF in decreasing intra-hepatic, intra-pericardial and pancreatic fats (P<0.05 for all).
Conclusions
Moderate weight loss alone inadequately reflects the significant lifestyle effects on atherogenic and diabetogenic fat depots. The MED/LC diet mobilizes specific ectopic fat depots, and exercise has an independent contribution to VAT loss. Fat depots exhibit diverse responsiveness and are differentially related to cardiometabolic markers. Distinct lifestyle protocols may uniquely induce fat mobilization from specific anatomical sites.
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NYT: Sugar Industry Long Downplayed Potential Harms
The documents show that in 1968 a trade group called the Sugar Research Foundation, known today as the Sugar Association, funded a research project on animals to shed light on the connection between sugar and heart health. But when the research pointed to a mechanism by which sugar might promote not only heart disease but also bladder cancer, the industry group ended the study and never published the results.
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Source: Sugar industry sponsorship of germ-free rodent studies linking sucrose to hyperlipidemia and cancer: An historical analysis of internal documents0 -
Acid-base safety during the course of a very low-calorie-ketogenic diet.
Even at the point of maximum ketosis all variables measured were always far from the cut-off points established to diabetic ketoacidosis.
CONCLUSION:
During the course of a VLCK diet there were no clinically or statistically significant changes in glucose, blood pH, anion gap and plasma bicarbonate. Hence the VLCK diet can be considered as a safe nutritional intervention for the treatment of obesity in terms of acid-base equilibrium.
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This was posted in another thread I was in. I figured I would share it.
https://ketogenic.com/performance/ketogenic-dieting-body-composition-beyond-abstract/
http://journals.lww.com/nsca-jscr/pages/articleviewer.aspx?year=9000&issue=00000&article=96026&type=Abstract
Conclusions: The KD can be used in combination with resistance training to cause favorable changes in body composition, performance and hormonal profiles in resistance-trained males.0 -
Amazing thread! The cholesterol/fat-related studies reminds me of the Stonecutters Simpsons episode, when Lenny is defending cholesterol and Homer says, "One of those egg council guys got to you too, eh!" And the guy dressed up as an egg runs away behind.0
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Review Article: The Effects of Overfeeding on Body Composition: The Role of Macronutrient Composition
Recent evidence suggests that there is a quantitative difference in protein versus carbohydrate and/or fat overfeeding as it relates to body composition. Protein overfeeding or the consumption of a high protein diet may not result in a gain in body weight or fat mass despite consuming calories that exceed one’s normal or habitual intake.
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Effects of an energy-restricted low-carbohydrate, high unsaturated fat/low saturated fat diet versus a high carbohydrate, low fat diet in type 2 diabetes: a 2 year randomized clinical trial
Both diets achieved comparable weight loss and HbA1c reductions. The LC sustained greater reductions in diabetes medication requirements, and improvements in diurnal blood glucose stability and blood lipid profile, with no adverse renal effects, suggesting greater T2D management optimisation.
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Reduce carbs, increase protein. Two new studies:
- Remission of pre-diabetes to normal glucose tolerance in obese adults with high protein versus high carbohydrate diet: randomized control trial
This is the first dietary intervention feeding study, to the best of our knowledge, to report 100% remission of pre-diabetes with a high protein diet and significant improvement in metabolic parameters and anti-inflammatory effects compared with a high carbohydrate diet at 6 months. source - Use of Novel High-Protein Functional Food Products as Part of a Calorie-Restricted Diet to Reduce Insulin Resistance and Increase Lean Body Mass in Adults: A Randomized Controlled Trial
A high-protein diet using novel functional foods combined with modest calorie restriction was 140% more effective for reducing HOMA-IR in healthy adults compared to a lower protein, standard diet with an equal level of calorie restriction. source
0 - Remission of pre-diabetes to normal glucose tolerance in obese adults with high protein versus high carbohydrate diet: randomized control trial
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10 patients, 10 years – Long term follow-up of cardiovascular risk factors in Glut1 deficiency treated with ketogenic diet therapies: A prospective, multicenter case series
No risk.
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Opinion: Minimal carbs, lots of fat, incredible dieting results – but not enough science by Gary Taubes
The diet clashes conspicuously with our widely held beliefs about healthy eating.
For starters, it's fat-rich and carbohydrate-restricted. As commonly prescribed and consumed, it features plenty of animal products, including red meat, bacon and butter, which means it's rich in animal fats and saturated fat. It includes plenty of leafy vegetables but is not "mostly plants" – as food activist Michael Pollan suggests – nor in any conventional way balanced. Whole grains, beans and legumes are not recommended. Of fruit, only berries make the cut. And it does not restrict calories; eating to satiety is advised.
This way of eating is now commonly known as a low-carbohydrate, high-fat (LCHF) diet. At its most extreme, it excludes almost all carbohydrates and is known as a ketogenic diet – keto for short. Many popular diets – paleo, South Beach, Dukan, Protein Power, Sugar Busters, Whole30 – are variations on the LCHF theme. And they're all widely considered by academic authorities to be fads, perhaps quackery. U.S. News and World Report, which publishes annual authoritative diet reviews, rates these diets the least healthy imaginable.
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In October, the Huffington Post published a letter signed by more than 100 Canadian physicians, publicly acknowledging that this is how they eat and the dietary approach they prescribe to patients. "What we see in our clinics," they wrote: "Blood sugar values go down, blood pressure drops, chronic pain decreases or disappears, lipid profiles improve, inflammatory markers improve, energy increases, weight decreases, sleep is improved, IBS symptoms are lessened, etc. Medication is adjusted downward, or even eliminated, which reduces the side effects for patients and the costs to society. The results we achieve with our patients are impressive and durable."
With the conventional dietary guidelines, they added, none of this happens.
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George Henderson: Leptin and cholesterol thread0
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People are feeling nostalgic it seems. It's pretty shocking how far our expectations have fallen in 50 years.
Youtube videos: 1951 diet (16 minutes) and 1960's JFK Challenge (5 minutes)0 -
Wow... their fat people would be considered normal nowadays... Huh.
And high school students do NOT look like that anymore, at least not at my son's school.1
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