Interesting Studies: Probably low carb related in one way or another

nvmomketo

I enjoy these posts. It often ends up with a long trip down a rabbit hole. Thanks for posting them.

I think ketosis is something that could benefit most people too. Nothing wrong with a little metabolic flexibility, for sure. I tend to be in ketosis most of the time too. I think cycling in and out is fine as long as the diet is kept pretty healthy, and whole foods is the focus.

That mutation in the arctic is an odd one though. I am surprised that the ability to have more brown fat seems to outweigh the ability to survive better in times of famine (when ketosis helps one deal with hypoglycemia)... or maybe there are very few times of famine up there? Its interesting either way.

AlabasterVerve

If I remember correctly (it's only been a day and I've already forgotten most of his lecture ) Masterjohn seems to think it was to prevent the risk of ketoacidosis. Constant ketosis and extreme conditions led to an increased potential? Dunno, but I agree it's interesting.

AlabasterVerve

Re-evaluation of the traditional diet-heart hypothesis: analysis of recovered data from Minnesota Coronary Experiment (1968-73)

There was a 22% higher risk of death for each 30 mg/dL (0.78 mmol/L) reduction in serum cholesterol in covariate adjusted Cox regression models (hazard ratio 1.22, 95% confidence interval 1.14 to 1.32; P<0.001).

There was no evidence of benefit in the intervention group for coronary atherosclerosis or myocardial infarcts. Systematic review identified five randomized controlled trials for inclusion (n=10 808). In meta-analyses, these cholesterol lowering interventions showed no evidence of benefit on mortality from coronary heart disease (1.13, 0.83 to 1.54) or all cause mortality (1.07, 0.90 to 1.27).

Conclusions Available evidence from randomized controlled trials shows that replacement of saturated fat in the diet with linoleic acid effectively lowers serum cholesterol but does not support the hypothesis that this translates to a lower risk of death from coronary heart disease or all causes.

Findings from the Minnesota Coronary Experiment add to growing evidence that incomplete publication has contributed to overestimation of the benefits of replacing saturated fat with vegetable oils rich in linoleic acid.

Source

deannalfisher

psuLemon wrote: »

AlabasterVerve wrote: »

Blog post by Amy Berger: More Than You Ever Wanted to Know About Protein & Gluconeogenesis

Of all the myths and misinformation I wish we could kill, strap to a block of concrete, and push off the side of a boat in very deep, shark-infested waters, the protein = sugar thing is close to the top.

This is a pretty good blog. Read it 3x.

AlabasterVerve wrote: »

Article: The Ketogenic Diet’s Impact on Body Fat, Muscle Mass, Strength, and Endurance

Part 1 of a planned 6 part series.

Also, big fan of this.

so i finally followed the Alan Aragon link and lo and below - Brad Dieter who also reviewed it is one of the Eat to Perform guys that I have been working with for close to 2 years now - has a PhD in exercise physiology

AlabasterVerve

Induced and controlled dietary ketosis as a regulator of obesity and metabolic syndrome pathologies.

Abstract

A worsening epidemic of diabetes and its precursor, metabolic syndrome (MetS) is engulfing America. A healthy individual, with proper glucose regulation has an ability to switch between burning fat and carbohydrates. It has been suggested that signaling errors within this homeostatic system, characterized by impaired switching of substrate oxidation from glucose to fat in response to insulin, can contribute to the etiology of metabolic syndrome and occurs before the development of type II diabetes.

Glucose regulation with restored insulin sensitivity facilitated through clinically regulated, benign dietary ketosis (BDK), may significantly reduce, regulate and reverse the adverse pathologies common to MetS and obesity. The study assessed if prolonged maintenance of induced and controlled physiological, dietary ketosis, would reverse pathological processes induced by MetS including a reduction in fasting triglycerides, BMI (body mass index) and body fat mass (BFM), weight, a significant decrease and/or normalization of hemoglobin A1c (HgA1c) and an increase in resting metabolic rate (RMR) and blood ketones.

A group of 30 adults, previously diagnosed with MetS by their primary care physician, were randomly prescribed to one of three groups: a sustained ketogenic diet with no exercise, standard American diet (SAD) with no exercise or SAD with 3-5 days per week of exercise (30 min.). The results demonstrated that the change over time from week 0 to week 10 was significant (p=0.001) in the ketogenic group for weight, body fat percentage, BMI, HgA1c and ketones. All variables for the ketogenic group out-performed those of the exercise and non-exercise groups, with five of the seven demonstrating statistical significance.

Source

AlabasterVerve

The dopamine motive system: implications for drug and food addiction

Repeated administration of the reinforcer (drugs, energy-rich foods) generates conditioned associations between the reinforcer and the predicting cues, which is accompanied by downregulated dopaminergic response to other incentives and downregulated capacity for top-down self-regulation, facilitating the emergence of impulsive and compulsive responses to food or drug cues.

Thus, dopamine contributes to addiction and obesity through its differentiated roles in reinforcement, motivation and self-regulation, referred to here as the 'dopamine motive system', which, if compromised, can result in increased, habitual and inflexible responding.

Source

AlabasterVerve

Effect of Distinct Lifestyle Interventions on Mobilization of Fat Storage Pools: The CENTRAL MRI Randomized Controlled Trial

The MED/LC diet was superior to LF in decreasing intra-hepatic, intra-pericardial and pancreatic fats (P<0.05 for all).

Conclusions
Moderate weight loss alone inadequately reflects the significant lifestyle effects on atherogenic and diabetogenic fat depots. The MED/LC diet mobilizes specific ectopic fat depots, and exercise has an independent contribution to VAT loss. Fat depots exhibit diverse responsiveness and are differentially related to cardiometabolic markers. Distinct lifestyle protocols may uniquely induce fat mobilization from specific anatomical sites.

Source

AlabasterVerve

NYT: Sugar Industry Long Downplayed Potential Harms

The documents show that in 1968 a trade group called the Sugar Research Foundation, known today as the Sugar Association, funded a research project on animals to shed light on the connection between sugar and heart health. But when the research pointed to a mechanism by which sugar might promote not only heart disease but also bladder cancer, the industry group ended the study and never published the results.

Media
Source: Sugar industry sponsorship of germ-free rodent studies linking sucrose to hyperlipidemia and cancer: An historical analysis of internal documents

AlabasterVerve

Acid-base safety during the course of a very low-calorie-ketogenic diet.

Even at the point of maximum ketosis all variables measured were always far from the cut-off points established to diabetic ketoacidosis.

CONCLUSION:
During the course of a VLCK diet there were no clinically or statistically significant changes in glucose, blood pH, anion gap and plasma bicarbonate. Hence the VLCK diet can be considered as a safe nutritional intervention for the treatment of obesity in terms of acid-base equilibrium.

Source

psuLemon

This was posted in another thread I was in. I figured I would share it.

https://ketogenic.com/performance/ketogenic-dieting-body-composition-beyond-abstract/

http://journals.lww.com/nsca-jscr/pages/articleviewer.aspx?year=9000&issue=00000&article=96026&type=Abstract


Conclusions: The KD can be used in combination with resistance training to cause favorable changes in body composition, performance and hormonal profiles in resistance-trained males.

refugeefromkekistan

Amazing thread! The cholesterol/fat-related studies reminds me of the Stonecutters Simpsons episode, when Lenny is defending cholesterol and Homer says, "One of those egg council guys got to you too, eh!" And the guy dressed up as an egg runs away behind.

AlabasterVerve

Review Article: The Effects of Overfeeding on Body Composition: The Role of Macronutrient Composition

Recent evidence suggests that there is a quantitative difference in protein versus carbohydrate and/or fat overfeeding as it relates to body composition. Protein overfeeding or the consumption of a high protein diet may not result in a gain in body weight or fat mass despite consuming calories that exceed one’s normal or habitual intake.

Source

AlabasterVerve

Effects of an energy-restricted low-carbohydrate, high unsaturated fat/low saturated fat diet versus a high carbohydrate, low fat diet in type 2 diabetes: a 2 year randomized clinical trial

Both diets achieved comparable weight loss and HbA1c reductions. The LC sustained greater reductions in diabetes medication requirements, and improvements in diurnal blood glucose stability and blood lipid profile, with no adverse renal effects, suggesting greater T2D management optimisation.

Source

AlabasterVerve

Reduce carbs, increase protein. Two new studies:

• Remission of pre-diabetes to normal glucose tolerance in obese adults with high protein versus high carbohydrate diet: randomized control trial
  
  This is the first dietary intervention feeding study, to the best of our knowledge, to report 100% remission of pre-diabetes with a high protein diet and significant improvement in metabolic parameters and anti-inflammatory effects compared with a high carbohydrate diet at 6 months. source
  
  
• Use of Novel High-Protein Functional Food Products as Part of a Calorie-Restricted Diet to Reduce Insulin Resistance and Increase Lean Body Mass in Adults: A Randomized Controlled Trial
  
  A high-protein diet using novel functional foods combined with modest calorie restriction was 140% more effective for reducing HOMA-IR in healthy adults compared to a lower protein, standard diet with an equal level of calorie restriction. source

AlabasterVerve

10 patients, 10 years – Long term follow-up of cardiovascular risk factors in Glut1 deficiency treated with ketogenic diet therapies: A prospective, multicenter case series

No risk.

Source

AlabasterVerve

Opinion: Minimal carbs, lots of fat, incredible dieting results – but not enough science by Gary Taubes

The diet clashes conspicuously with our widely held beliefs about healthy eating.

For starters, it's fat-rich and carbohydrate-restricted. As commonly prescribed and consumed, it features plenty of animal products, including red meat, bacon and butter, which means it's rich in animal fats and saturated fat. It includes plenty of leafy vegetables but is not "mostly plants" – as food activist Michael Pollan suggests – nor in any conventional way balanced. Whole grains, beans and legumes are not recommended. Of fruit, only berries make the cut. And it does not restrict calories; eating to satiety is advised.

This way of eating is now commonly known as a low-carbohydrate, high-fat (LCHF) diet. At its most extreme, it excludes almost all carbohydrates and is known as a ketogenic diet – keto for short. Many popular diets – paleo, South Beach, Dukan, Protein Power, Sugar Busters, Whole30 – are variations on the LCHF theme. And they're all widely considered by academic authorities to be fads, perhaps quackery. U.S. News and World Report, which publishes annual authoritative diet reviews, rates these diets the least healthy imaginable.

...

In October, the Huffington Post published a letter signed by more than 100 Canadian physicians, publicly acknowledging that this is how they eat and the dietary approach they prescribe to patients. "What we see in our clinics," they wrote: "Blood sugar values go down, blood pressure drops, chronic pain decreases or disappears, lipid profiles improve, inflammatory markers improve, energy increases, weight decreases, sleep is improved, IBS symptoms are lessened, etc. Medication is adjusted downward, or even eliminated, which reduces the side effects for patients and the costs to society. The results we achieve with our patients are impressive and durable."

With the conventional dietary guidelines, they added, none of this happens.

Media

AlabasterVerve

George Henderson: Leptin and cholesterol thread

nvmomketo

AlabasterVerve wrote: »

George Henderson: Leptin and cholesterol thread

Interesting. Thanks.

AlabasterVerve

People are feeling nostalgic it seems. It's pretty shocking how far our expectations have fallen in 50 years.

Youtube videos: 1951 diet (16 minutes) and 1960's JFK Challenge (5 minutes)

nvmomketo

Wow... their fat people would be considered normal nowadays... Huh.

And high school students do NOT look like that anymore, at least not at my son's school.