Muscle Cannibalism

So, I have been burning some serious calories on the bike and swimming. When talking to a body builder friend of mine, he warned me about muscle cannibalism, where you consume so little calories that your body consumes the muscle and keeps the fat. Today for example, I burned almost 3700 calories on the bike, after having a breakfast of oatmeal and raisins that was 350 calories. During the ride, I ate a banana and had one bottle of a sports drink that was 100 calories. For the day, I have consumed about 1300 calories total. When I click to finish the total for the day, it says I have a deficit of almost 2400 calories, but no warning that I am not consuming enough. So, any advice on how to do cardio and weight training without cannibalizing the muscles?
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Replies

  • shazbox1
    shazbox1 Posts: 175 Member
    How long/hard did you bike? 3700 calories seems high. I'm 275 pounds and I think I only burn ~1000 per hour.

    I have read that eating shortly after you finish your workout helps to restock the energy supplies you drained out of your muscles, which should help.

    Hopefully some smarter people have some better answers though, I'm interested to hear.


    EDIT: I also remember reading that taking a cool shower after a hard ride helps cool your muscles down and decrease breakdown, but that might just be fancy Tour de France science.
  • _Terrapin_
    _Terrapin_ Posts: 4,301 Member
    OP--do you know your BF or LBM? Also when swimming how far and how fast? Answers to these questions assist in answering questions about muscle loss? For perspective, if I swim for an hour and then lift later in the day, at what point would I be losing muscle? And how many calories would I consume to maintain or drop weight? I can answer these for me since I know the above numbers. Make sense?
  • tuckerrj
    tuckerrj Posts: 1,453 Member
    It's called catabolism. http://www.livestrong.com/article/500765-how-to-prevent-catabolism-of-muscle/
    Unless you're actually ingesting & digesting your own muscle tissue.
  • ironanimal
    ironanimal Posts: 5,922 Member
    I'm not sure of the exact maths and science, but fat metabolism has a limited rate and deficit beyond that must be taken from other sources; be it muscle or other lean tissue. Glycogen stores are used up pretty quickly.

    Be careful being that you're approaching 50. Testosterone and HGH production are going to be way down on your twenties, and it will be harder to regain lost muscle mass.

    It's generally accepted that a rate of loss exceeding 2lbs a week greatly increases the % weight loss from sources other than fat, so keep an eye on it. FWIW, the average man of 5'11'', 180lbs, (<<< guesses) 46 years old, moderately active, would maintain weight on about 2700 cals a day. Dock a 1000 for your upper safe deficit.
  • bwogilvie
    bwogilvie Posts: 2,130 Member
    Run a moderate deficit and lift weights--heavy, moderate reps.

    Just curious: how long did you ride, and in what terrain? My Garmin Edge 800 estimated that I burned about 4200 calories on a 111-mile ride with nearly 9000 feet of climbing (and Strava's estimate was nearly identical). I'm 45 and weighed about 175 lb. at the time. If I'm riding for more than 40 miles, I need to consume about 200-250 calories an hour in food and drink in order to avoid a bonk, though since I have been on a deficit, I think I can go somewhat longer.

    After a couple of hours of moderately intense endurance exercise, over half your calories are coming from fat, while the contribution of carbohydrate declines (see the useful discussion in Tim Noakes, Lore of Running). A well conditioned athlete has glycogen stores that can last for 2-3 hours at sub-maximum exertion--one reason that marathon runners often hit the wall about 20 miles into the race. But for most people, after you've exhausted your muscle glycogen, what's most important is keeping blood glucose up for the brain to function. You'd have to be fairly lean or pushing very hard to begin to metabolize muscle tissue during the event.

    It's more important to eat after exercise, to restore muscle glycogen and make some protein available for muscle repair. A pint of lowfat chocolate milk makes a great recovery drink, with a 4:1 ratio of carbohydrates to protein (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23075563). Eat a good amount of protein within the next few hours after exercise, and you should be good.
  • MoreBean13
    MoreBean13 Posts: 8,701 Member
    Tagging to respond after TWD.

    Unless someone else posts my response for me.
  • jonnythan
    jonnythan Posts: 10,161 Member
    Your friend is clearly extremely knowledgeable.
  • Mr_Knight
    Mr_Knight Posts: 9,532 Member
    Today for example, I burned almost 3700 calories ...When I click to finish the total for the day, it says I have a deficit of almost 2400 calories...

    If that is a typical day, there is something very out of whack with either your food or exercise logging because that isn't even remotely sustainable.
  • michellekicks
    michellekicks Posts: 3,624 Member
    How to do it? Eat enough.

    Each day you burn this:
    BMR - organ function, breathing etc.
    EAT - exercise activity thermogenesis (burn from your workout)
    NEAT - non-exercise activity thermogenesis (burn from walking, showering, cooking, standing, moving, driving etc.)
    TEF - thermic effect of food

    Eat to cover your BMR plus your burn from exercise. TEF is small and relatively negligible. If you want to keep a deficit to lean out, let it be your NEAT or less, thus, eat maybe BMR plus your exercise calories each day. Plus, eat 1g protein for every pound of lean body mass and do a full-body lifting routine 2-3 times a week to maintain mass in a deficit.

    Eat during rides if you're going over 90 minutes or so, fuel beforehand with carbs, replenish with carbs and protein after.
  • SunofaBeach14
    SunofaBeach14 Posts: 4,899 Member
    You certainly aren't eating enough.
  • bwogilvie
    bwogilvie Posts: 2,130 Member
    Just a quick followup: I have had a couple days in the last year when my daily calories were a net negative. But that was after a few days of carb loading, and I made up the deficit in the few days after the event. You simply can't be routinely burning more calories than you eat. Hanging out as I occasionally do among distance athletes, the one thing I have learned is that after the sport, eating is the most pleasurable activity you can engage in. (And drinking beer, too, hence the Hash House Harriers' self-description as "a drinking group with a running problem.")
  • I usually bike about an hour and a half to 2 hours about twice a week during the weekdays, but on weekends can stretch that much further as I have more time. A 100 mile bike ride is not out of the question on the weekend. I do make it a point to ingest a protein drink right after exercising to stave off as much muscle loss as possible, and on my very long bike rides, I usually bring a couple slices of bread with peanut butter. As far as swimming is concerned, I swim about 2 miles twice a week, but can sometimes hit the pool 3 times a week depending on my schedule at work.

    For those that have asked, the calorie deficit is not that large on a daily basis. In fact, I've had some days where I exercise and almost go over my calorie goal. I was just using yesterday's as an example. I would say that my net calories on a typical day range in the four to five hundred calories after taking away calories from cardio.

    I mainly asked the question because I am noticing that I am getting stronger in both my swimming and biking, but not in the gym lifting weights. When I look in the mirror, my muscles look more defined and somewhat bigger, but the overall strength has either fallen off or stayed the same as when I started dieting a month ago. Thanks for taking the time to reply. So far there have been some good responses, even with the lack of detail I provided.
  • arrseegee
    arrseegee Posts: 575 Member
    I would say that my net calories on a typical day range in the four to five hundred calories after taking away calories from cardio.

    It is not surprising that you are losing strength, as you will be netting less than a quarter of your BMR on a daily basis.

    You need to look at ways you can replenish your body after doing so much exercise. I would imagine it means you will be spending a significant portion of your day eating. As a teenager I was burning on average 3000 calories each day swimming, and in order to maintain my strength and weight my life revolved around food.
  • tennisdude2004
    tennisdude2004 Posts: 5,609 Member
    I usually bike about an hour and a half to 2 hours about twice a week during the weekdays, but on weekends can stretch that much further as I have more time. A 100 mile bike ride is not out of the question on the weekend. I do make it a point to ingest a protein drink right after exercising to stave off as much muscle loss as possible, and on my very long bike rides, I usually bring a couple slices of bread with peanut butter. As far as swimming is concerned, I swim about 2 miles twice a week, but can sometimes hit the pool 3 times a week depending on my schedule at work.

    For those that have asked, the calorie deficit is not that large on a daily basis. In fact, I've had some days where I exercise and almost go over my calorie goal. I was just using yesterday's as an example. I would say that my net calories on a typical day range in the four to five hundred calories after taking away calories from cardio.

    I mainly asked the question because I am noticing that I am getting stronger in both my swimming and biking, but not in the gym lifting weights. When I look in the mirror, my muscles look more defined and somewhat bigger, but the overall strength has either fallen off or stayed the same as when I started dieting a month ago. Thanks for taking the time to reply. So far there have been some good responses, even with the lack of detail I provided.

    First a foremost Kudos to you - I wish I was that fit.

    You would probably be best doing a couple of things.

    1) Make protein a priority in your diet.

    When you are training at the rate you probably are your body will be burning all that glucose in your system as fuel. Down side with burning glucose as fuel is we didn't evolve to use this as our main source and as such we can only store a limit amount.

    depending on size and fitness you can store 350 -500grams in your muscles and 100grams in your liver (as glycogen).

    once that's gone your body will find alternative sources. Great thing is your body (the liver) does make its own glucose in the form of glycogen thorough the process of gluconeogenesis. It coverts fatty acids from the body into glycogen. The problem is that the liver doesn't care where it gets the fatty acids from so if your not getting enough into your system through dietary protein, the liver will take it from your lean mass.

    2) when your training keep your glucose levels refuelled. Prevention is better than cure. As long as you keep refuelling the glucose the body will always take that fuel first.

    Good luck with the training.
  • chani8
    chani8 Posts: 946 Member
    Please eat more. As long as you eat enough over the whole week, I think you'll be ok. But it seems you don't. So you better get eating!
  • What actually is your goal? Avoiding catabolism? Gaining mass? Losing body fat? Gaining strength? Lifting ability? Skill in a aprticular sport?

    Your goal will determine you best course of action.
  • Helloitsdan
    Helloitsdan Posts: 5,564 Member
    I see a ton of people saying to eat more.
    I'll follow up with "Eat more protein!"
    Calculate 1.7g per pound of Lean Mass.
    Spread your protein out during the day into 30g doses.
    http://suppversity.blogspot.com/2014/01/it-does-matter-how-you-spread-your.html
    Why?
    Having the added amino acids circulating during the day will signal the body to not break down skeletal muscle for the fuel.
  • the_dude00
    the_dude00 Posts: 1,056 Member
    I mainly asked the question because I am noticing that I am getting stronger in both my swimming and biking, but not in the gym lifting weights. When I look in the mirror, my muscles look more defined and somewhat bigger, but the overall strength has either fallen off or stayed the same as when I started dieting a month ago. Thanks for taking the time to reply. So far there have been some good responses, even with the lack of detail I provided.

    You can eat more... But regardless your cardio exercises will hurt you performance lifting weights in the gym. I used to run marathons and stopped and nearly instantly 10 pounds of muscle pooped onto my body. I imagine you enjoy biking, swimming, etc so keep doing it, but you have to accept it will hold you back lifting
  • jonnythan
    jonnythan Posts: 10,161 Member
    I see a ton of people saying to eat more.
    I'll follow up with "Eat more protein!"
    Calculate 1.7g per pound of Lean Mass.
    Spread your protein out during the day into 30g doses.
    http://suppversity.blogspot.com/2014/01/it-does-matter-how-you-spread-your.html
    Why?
    Having the added amino acids circulating during the day will signal the body to not break down skeletal muscle for the fuel.

    Why 1.7?
  • I mainly asked the question because I am noticing that I am getting stronger in both my swimming and biking, but not in the gym lifting weights. When I look in the mirror, my muscles look more defined and somewhat bigger, but the overall strength has either fallen off or stayed the same as when I started dieting a month ago. Thanks for taking the time to reply. So far there have been some good responses, even with the lack of detail I provided.

    You can eat more... But regardless your cardio exercises will hurt you performance lifting weights in the gym. I used to run marathons and stopped and nearly instantly 10 pounds of muscle pooped onto my body. I imagine you enjoy biking, swimming, etc so keep doing it, but you have to accept it will hold you back lifting

    Instantly being 5-10 months? Even a young male os only going to build aboit 1-2 lbs. of muscle mass per months. Gains other than that are generally new work causing the muscles to swell and retain more water, or fat gain from eating in a surplus (and/or simply no longer engaging in catabolic activity).
    I see a ton of people saying to eat more.
    I'll follow up with "Eat more protein!"
    Calculate 1.7g per pound of Lean Mass.
    Spread your protein out during the day into 30g doses.
    http://suppversity.blogspot.com/2014/01/it-does-matter-how-you-spread-your.html
    Why?
    Having the added amino acids circulating during the day will signal the body to not break down skeletal muscle for the fuel.

    Why 1.7?

    Looks like a cobbling together of the .7g and the 1 gram suggestions and pounds thrown in for good measure. Not fun for the kidneys and probably soem very expensive urine to boot.
  • tennisdude2004
    tennisdude2004 Posts: 5,609 Member
    I mainly asked the question because I am noticing that I am getting stronger in both my swimming and biking, but not in the gym lifting weights. When I look in the mirror, my muscles look more defined and somewhat bigger, but the overall strength has either fallen off or stayed the same as when I started dieting a month ago. Thanks for taking the time to reply. So far there have been some good responses, even with the lack of detail I provided.

    You can eat more... But regardless your cardio exercises will hurt you performance lifting weights in the gym. I used to run marathons and stopped and nearly instantly 10 pounds of muscle pooped onto my body. I imagine you enjoy biking, swimming, etc so keep doing it, but you have to accept it will hold you back lifting

    Instantly being 5-10 months? Even a young male os only going to build aboit 1-2 lbs. of muscle mass per months. Gains other than that are generally new work causing the muscles to swell and retain more water, or fat gain from eating in a surplus (and/or simply no longer engaging in catabolic activity).
    I see a ton of people saying to eat more.
    I'll follow up with "Eat more protein!"
    Calculate 1.7g per pound of Lean Mass.
    Spread your protein out during the day into 30g doses.
    http://suppversity.blogspot.com/2014/01/it-does-matter-how-you-spread-your.html
    Why?
    Having the added amino acids circulating during the day will signal the body to not break down skeletal muscle for the fuel.

    Why 1.7?

    Looks like a cobbling together of the .7g and the 1 gram suggestions and pounds thrown in for good measure. Not fun for the kidneys and probably soem very expensive urine to boot.

    1.7g of protein per pound of lean mass may seem on the high side for a normally active person (1g is probably a good average), but as the OP is highly active he will need more.

    However there is not evidence that too much protein is bad for a healthy kidney. In fact dealing with the metabolic waste from protein is what makes them strong.

    There is circumstantial evidence that too much may worsen a kidney with a pre-existing condition, but it certainly won't be the cause of that condition, and will not cause a condition in a health kidney,

    Also if you do consume too much protein than you need, all that will happen is the excess will be converted into glucose. Which will either be stored or burnt.

    However as the poster of the 1.7g amount was aiming his response to the highly active OP, it's probably fairly accurate.
  • 1.7g/lb. is high....about 113% of the high end of the higher recommendation for endurance athletes who lift. For a 200 lb. man to consume that high of a ratio, he'd have to consume protein in upwards of 7 meals/day.
    So....where's the number from?


    Nobody raised too muc protein being bad for a kidney, but, forcing them to work to eliminate protein is counterproductive as it makes them work harder for no gain and it wastes both food and money.

    I would also need to know a lot more about the OP's athletic activity before I would classify him as needing more protein. Clcyling alone, even in high volume, doesn't require all that much in the way of protein. It will increase need for carb intake to replace lost glycogen.
  • tennisdude2004
    tennisdude2004 Posts: 5,609 Member
    1.7g/lb. is high....about 113% of the high end of the higher recommendation for endurance athletes who lift. For a 200 lb. man to consume that high of a ratio, he'd have to consume protein in upwards of 7 meals/day.
    So....where's the number from?


    Nobody raised too muc protein being bad for a kidney, but, forcing them to work to eliminate protein is counterproductive as it makes them work harder for no gain and it wastes both food and money.

    I would also need to know a lot more about the OP's athletic activity before I would classify him as needing more protein. Clcyling alone, even in high volume, doesn't require all that much in the way of protein. It will increase need for carb intake to replace lost glycogen.

    Burning 3500 cals on a bike ride (plus unless he's posting someone else's picture he competes or used to). He sounds to be pretty athletic.

    Opinions do differ some studies say that .8g per lb of bodyweight (200lb) maximises muscle protein synthesis, whilst higher levels are good for athletes looking to protect muscle mass).

    I appreciate the OP hasn't given a full account of his daily activities, but going by what he has put I think it's probably not a million miles off the appropriate advice.
  • tennisdude2004
    tennisdude2004 Posts: 5,609 Member
    I would add, with any advice OP's are given. If something sounds of interest, don't blindly follow that advice. Get on the NET and research it for yourself first. Draw your own conclusion.

    It will either hold water, or sink!
  • The increased cardio is not going to require a huge amount of protein. More than the RDA for the average American, yes, in order to repair the muscles and stave off catabolism, but assuming he's riding the 3.5-5 hours he'd need to be riding to burn 3500 calories, he's depleted glycogen stores and needs an edurance athlete's ration of protein and carbs to replenish that, which is nowhere near 1.7g/lb. Recommendations for strength/power are still in the 1.6 to 2.0 g/kg/day range. There have been studies exceeding that range, but none that I have found have ever shown a benefit in exceeding that amount.
  • tennisdude2004
    tennisdude2004 Posts: 5,609 Member
    The increased cardio is not going to require a huge amount of protein. More than the RDA for the average American, yes, in order to repair the muscles and stave off catabolism, but assuming he's riding the 3.5-5 hours he'd need to be riding to burn 3500 calories, he's depleted glycogen stores and needs an edurance athlete's ration of protein and carbs to replenish that, which is nowhere near 1.7g/lb. Recommendations for strength/power are still in the 1.6 to 2.0 g/kg/day range. There have been studies exceeding that range, but none that I have found have ever shown a benefit in exceeding that amount.

    I think we are agreeing to agree here on what the OP needs to do.

    As per my original post to this thread, best thing will be for them to manage their carb re-fuel on the rides and not let the glucose levels empty.

    I was backing the 1.7b of protein based on studies (as we know all studies vary). The studies you have read my be correct over the studies I have read and 1.7g may not be any more beneficial than lower volumes, but at the very least it will not be a negative factor.
  • erickirb
    erickirb Posts: 12,294 Member
    OP, get adequate protein, and try to net your mfp goal calories each day, or go over on days you don't have long rides, and slightly under on days you do. But for the week your Net goal should be achieved.
  • AwesomeGuy37
    AwesomeGuy37 Posts: 436 Member
    Your amino acids have to come from what you eat. You can't store them. Eat protein throughout the day.
  • 212019156
    212019156 Posts: 341 Member
    I doubt you are burning that many calories. I don't trust those monitors regarding calorie burn. I think as you become more efficient at an activity they become less and less accurate. If you are burning that many in one sitting you probably are going to lose some muscle.

  • I think we are agreeing to agree here on what the OP needs to do.

    As per my original post to this thread, best thing will be for them to manage their carb re-fuel on the rides and not let the glucose levels empty.

    Well, how he needs to fuel during and after is heavily dependent on the goal of his rides and his weekly overall mileage.

    I was backing the 1.7b of protein based on studies (as we know all studies vary). The studies you have read my be correct over the studies I have read and 1.7g may not be any more beneficial than lower volumes, but at the very least it will not be a negative factor.

    I can't say I have ever even seen a study looking at a protein level of that amount, let alone ever seeing one that showed a positive result. If I were engaging in an edurance event that would subject me to potential dehydration and a need to electrolyte supplementation, I would probably not want my kidneys engaged in processeing out excess protein. But, that's just me. Bodybuilders do it without conseqeunce, but that's a differnt situation entirely.