Interesting Studies: Probably low carb related in one way or another
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Reduced Glucose Tolerance and Skeletal Muscle GLUT4 and IRS1 Content in Cyclists Habituated to a Long-Term Low-Carbohydrate, High-Fat Diet.
We conclude that well-trained cyclists habituated to an LCHF diet had reduced glucose tolerance compared with matched controls on a mixed diet. Lower skeletal muscle GLUT4 and IRS1 contents may partially explain this finding. This could possibly reflect an adaptation to reduced habitual glucose availability rather than the development of a pathological insulin resistance.
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Dietary saturated fat intake and risk of stroke: Systematic review and dose–response meta-analysis of prospective cohort studies
•Higher dietary saturated fat intake is associated with a decreased overall risk of stroke.
•There is a linear dose–response relation between dietary saturated fat intake and the risk of stroke.
•It is necessary to re-evaluate the restrictions on saturated fat intake for future dietary guidelines.
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Effects of a ketogenic diet in overweight women with polycystic ovary syndrome.
RESULTS:
After 12 weeks, anthropometric and body composition measurements revealed a significant reduction of body weight (- 9.43 kg), BMI (- 3.35), FBM (8.29 kg) and VAT. There was a significant, slightly decrease of LBM. A significant decrease in glucose and insulin blood levels were observed, together with a significant improvement of HOMA-IR. A significant decrease of triglycerides, total cholesterol and LDL were observed along with a rise in HDL levels. The LH/FSH ratio, LH total and free testosterone, and DHEAS blood levels were also significantly reduced. Estradiol, progesterone and SHBG increased. The Ferriman Gallwey Score was slightly, although not significantly, reduced.
CONCLUSIONS:
Our results suggest that a KD may be considered as a valuable non pharmacological treatment for PCOS. Longer treatment periods should be tested to verify the effect of a KD on the dermatological aspects of PCOS.
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A Randomized Controlled Trial of a 6-month low carbohydrate intervention on disease progression in men with recurrent prostate cancer: Carbohydrate and Prostate Study 2 (CAPS2)
Both weight loss and low carbohydrate diets (LCD) without weight loss prolong survival in prostate cancer (PC) models. Few human trials tested weight loss or LCD on PC.
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Conclusions: Among BCR patients, LCD induced weight loss and metabolic benefits with acceptable safety without affecting PSADT suggesting LCD does not adversely affect PC growth and is safe. Given exploratory findings of longer PSADT, larger studies testing LCD on disease progression are warranted.
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Keto heart attack anecdote: "Someone I know (female, 37yrs) who is on keto and exercising hard to lose weight had a heart attack (she's ok!! In hospital recovering) And people are jumping to point the finger at keto for causing it - should I be worried at all?"
Exceedingly rare to read anything like this but worth posting--electrolyte imbalances are serious business.0 -
Re: Katz again.
"But as many pointed out, Katz is not an epidemiologist. Instead, he specializes in nutrition advice, and has published a number of dietary books, including The Way to Eat, Cut Your Cholesterol and Stealth Health.
Katz’s piece was shared widely among conservatives, including by Fox News host and informal Trump adviser Pete Hegseth. The article served as a handy tool for conservatives advancing the argument that the economy shouldn’t be sacrificed for coronavirus containment.
A group of Yale epidemiologists swiftly wrote a letter to the Times, rebutting Katz’s piece. Others pointed out Katz’s lack of credentials and his links to big industry. He was once paid $3,500 an hour as an expert witness in a Chobani legal case to defend the sugar contained in its yoghurts.
Katz has received hundreds of thousands of dollars from companies including Hershey’s, Kind Bars, the walnut industry and Quaker Oats. The science journalist Nina Teicholz has written about how in some cases, Katz wrote positive articles about those companies after receiving grants.
“Dr Katz’s efforts on behalf of public health during this pandemic are uncompensated and born from a sense of duty and commitment to public health,” a spokeswoman for Katz told the Guardian. She pointed to a post Katz wrote on LinkedIn following the criticism, where he stresses how damage to the economy is also a massive public health issue.
Yale itself went to lengths to distance itself from Katz. “David Katz is not academically affiliated with Yale and has not held an academic appointment here since 2016,” the university posted on Twitter."
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Highly relevant these days... When you have to be put on a ventilator, will you be able to get off the ventilator sooner on a high carb or a high fat diet in your feeding tube?
Study says:The high fat group spent a mean of 62 h less time on the ventilator (p = 0.006). A high fat, low carbohydrate enteral feed appears to be beneficial in patients undergoing artificial ventilation.
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2504796?fbclid=IwAR3PJFWy3ohbUpPj7AH4yjKwdTWzXPJt060a-qvfZA5pS0KwgpvqO8TmbcY0 -
Case report
Reversal of Cardiac Hypertrophy With a Ketogenic Diet in a Child With Mitochondrial Disease and Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy
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"Just submitted our latest manuscript entitled "A plant-based, low-fat diet decreases ad libitum energy intake compared to an animal-based, ketogenic diet: An inpatient randomized controlled trial". I'm looking forward to all constructive comments!" --Kevin Hall
20 people, weight stable, non-diabetic. Spent two weeks eating each diet. Instructed not to lose weight and to eat as much or little as they wanted. Were fed 3 meals plus snacks each day. Animal based meals were largely fat--cream, butter, and cheese always--with small amounts of meat.
Plant based ate a lot less calories each day (about 600ish) and had "substantially greater glucose and insulin levels". Body weight decreased in both diets but "there was no statistically significant difference in the final amount of body fat lost at the end of the PBLF and ABLC diet periods".
Energy expenditure (sleeping and sedentary) was higher on the animal based diet which offset some of the increased energy intake but not all of it? Blood pressure, thyroid hormones, triglycerides etc. all measured.0 -
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Since when does one become keto adapted in only 3.5 weeks?!0 -
T1DCarnivoreRunner wrote: »
Since when does one become keto adapted in only 3.5 weeks?!
You know that is a running joke? That no matter how long the study is, its never long enough to become "fat adapted" .
It does note in the narrative that longer term studies are needed.
From my anecdotal evidence, even with being strict non dirty keto for 3-4 months, i never got anywhere near my strength with carbs. And i am not talking a little. I am taking like 25% reductions in strength. Now, i still gotta run TKD with 30g glucose pre-workout to see if that helps, but CKD and pre workout food hasn't helped.
Of course it might be a little different for running. But power sports, the data i have seen suggest keto is suboptimal. But its great for cutting body fat.0 -
T1DCarnivoreRunner wrote: »
Since when does one become keto adapted in only 3.5 weeks?!
You know that is a running joke? That no matter how long the study is, its never long enough to become "fat adapted" .
It does note in the narrative that longer term studies are needed.
From my anecdotal evidence, even with being strict non dirty keto for 3-4 months, i never got anywhere near my strength with carbs. And i am not talking a little. I am taking like 25% reductions in strength. Now, i still gotta run TKD with 30g glucose pre-workout to see if that helps, but CKD and pre workout food hasn't helped.
Of course it might be a little different for running. But power sports, the data i have seen suggest keto is suboptimal. But its great for cutting body fat.
There are definitely some variables with different sports and intensity, but generally the keto adaptation time period is around 12-16 weeks with the toughest part at around 4-6 weeks when glycogen is depleted and skeletal muscles are not yet adapted to optimize FFA oxidation at higher exertion rates. During that time, our CNS and skeletal muscles have to fight over ketones. Of course, many studies use people who have been on keto for 30 days (4-6 weeks...) and then act like it is a new finding when subjects are low energy. Dr's Volek and Phinney explain this in detail in some of their books.0 -
T1DCarnivoreRunner wrote: »T1DCarnivoreRunner wrote: »
Since when does one become keto adapted in only 3.5 weeks?!
You know that is a running joke? That no matter how long the study is, its never long enough to become "fat adapted" .
It does note in the narrative that longer term studies are needed.
From my anecdotal evidence, even with being strict non dirty keto for 3-4 months, i never got anywhere near my strength with carbs. And i am not talking a little. I am taking like 25% reductions in strength. Now, i still gotta run TKD with 30g glucose pre-workout to see if that helps, but CKD and pre workout food hasn't helped.
Of course it might be a little different for running. But power sports, the data i have seen suggest keto is suboptimal. But its great for cutting body fat.
There are definitely some variables with different sports and intensity, but generally the keto adaptation time period is around 12-16 weeks with the toughest part at around 4-6 weeks when glycogen is depleted and skeletal muscles are not yet adapted to optimize FFA oxidation at higher exertion rates. During that time, our CNS and skeletal muscles have to fight over ketones. Of course, many studies use people who have been on keto for 30 days (4-6 weeks...) and then act like it is a new finding when subjects are low energy. Dr's Volek and Phinney explain this in detail in some of their books.
Is there data (outside of me buying a book) on keto adaptation. IIRC, Dr. Hall had some data showing it much quicker.
ETA: i certainly recognize there are tons of variables. Fasting, carb factors, and exercise all can effect glycogen levels.0 -
T1DCarnivoreRunner wrote: »T1DCarnivoreRunner wrote: »
Since when does one become keto adapted in only 3.5 weeks?!
You know that is a running joke? That no matter how long the study is, its never long enough to become "fat adapted" .
It does note in the narrative that longer term studies are needed.
From my anecdotal evidence, even with being strict non dirty keto for 3-4 months, i never got anywhere near my strength with carbs. And i am not talking a little. I am taking like 25% reductions in strength. Now, i still gotta run TKD with 30g glucose pre-workout to see if that helps, but CKD and pre workout food hasn't helped.
Of course it might be a little different for running. But power sports, the data i have seen suggest keto is suboptimal. But its great for cutting body fat.
There are definitely some variables with different sports and intensity, but generally the keto adaptation time period is around 12-16 weeks with the toughest part at around 4-6 weeks when glycogen is depleted and skeletal muscles are not yet adapted to optimize FFA oxidation at higher exertion rates. During that time, our CNS and skeletal muscles have to fight over ketones. Of course, many studies use people who have been on keto for 30 days (4-6 weeks...) and then act like it is a new finding when subjects are low energy. Dr's Volek and Phinney explain this in detail in some of their books.
Is there data (outside of me buying a book) on keto adaptation. IIRC, Dr. Hall had some data showing it much quicker.
ETA: i certainly recognize there are tons of variables. Fasting, carb factors, and exercise all can effect glycogen levels.
Interestingly enough, the idea of keto-adaptation was originally mentioned in the 1880's by a US Army surgeon (Lt. Frederick Schwatka). But there wasn't much actual research published until the 1980's. So it is relatively recent in terms of scientific knowledge. My observation in terms of scientific research is that it takes 10-20 years from when a paper is published before experts in the field become widely aware (my personal observation is mostly in dealing with endocrinologists with new information on type 1 diabetes). Then, another 10-20 years before generalists in the field (i.e. GP's in my example) know the information. And if the generally interested public at large ever knows about it at all, it's another 10-20 years.
Anyway, the initial published research on keto adaptation:
Phinney SD, Horton ES, Sims EA, Hanson JS, Danforth E, Jr., LaGrange BM: Capacity for moderate exercise in obese subjects after adaptation to a hypocaloric, ketogenic diet. J Clin Invest 1980, 66(5): 1152-1161.
Phinney SD, Bistrian BR, Wolfe RR, Blackburn GL: The human metabolic response to chronic ketosis without caloric restriction: physical and biochemical adaptation. Metabolism 1983, 32(8): 757-768.
A study in rodents that might be worth reading also:
Simi B, Sempore B, Mayet MH, Favier RJ: Additive effects of training and high-fat diet on energy metabolism during exercise. J Appl Physiol 1991, 71(1):197-203.
ETA: I'll acknowledge also that there isn't much research on the keto adaptation. There is the stuff from 40 years ago. Since then, there is nothing that I am aware of that refutes it. There is also not much to confirm it either. Apparently it just isn't something people are interested in researching, though there are plenty of studies published fairly consistently in those decades that show sub-standard performance with athletes when only following a keto diet for a month or less. It's almost as though the biased researchers choose that time limit intentionally because we all know that isn't long enough.0 -
https://ebm.bmj.com/content/early/2020/07/05/bmjebm-2020-111412.full
From abstract:We have evaluated dietary recommendations for people diagnosed with familial hypercholesterolaemia (FH), a genetic condition in which increased low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) is associated with an increased risk for coronary heart disease (CHD). Recommendations for FH individuals have emphasised a low saturated fat, low cholesterol diet to reduce their LDL-C levels. The basis of this recommendation is the ‘diet-heart hypothesis’, which postulates that consumption of food rich in saturated fat increases serum cholesterol levels, which increases risk of CHD. We have challenged the rationale for FH dietary recommendations based on the absence of support for the diet-heart hypothesis, and the lack of evidence that a low saturated fat, low cholesterol diet reduces coronary events in FH individuals. As an alternative approach, we have summarised research which has shown that the subset of FH individuals that develop CHD exhibit risk factors associated with an insulin-resistant phenotype (elevated triglycerides, blood glucose, haemoglobin A1c (HbA1c), obesity, hyperinsulinaemia, high‐sensitivity C reactive protein, hypertension) or increased susceptibility to develop coagulopathy. The insulin-resistant phenotype, also referred to as the metabolic syndrome, manifests as carbohydrate intolerance, which is most effectively managed by a low carbohydrate diet (LCD). Therefore, we propose that FH individuals with signs of insulin resistance should be made aware of the benefits of an LCD.1
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