Interesting Studies: Probably low carb related in one way or another
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Kevind Hall Re: Vegan/Greger video
Keto Diet Results for Weight Loss
Ketogenic diets and the $33-billion diet gimmickI have some thoughts on a recent video posted at http://NutritionFacts.org by @nutrition_facts called “Keto Diet Results for Weight Loss” that relied heavily on our research to criticize ketogenic diets.
The video cites our 2015 Cell_Metabolism paper that didn’t investigate a keto diet. We even refused to call the diet “low carb” because the calorie restriction achieved by selectively cutting carbs resulted in a diet ~30% of total calories from carbs.
Our study was NOT an efficacy study as portrayed in the nutrition_facts video. Rather, it was designed to nvestigate the physiology of selective restriction of carbs vs fat &the effects on insulin secretion and body fat. The body fat differences were clinically meaningless!
Similarly meaningless body fat differences were found in our cited meta-analysis investigating *controlled feeding studies* employing isocaloric manipulations of diet carbs:fat while keeping protein constant.
Plenty of randomized diet trials *that did not control food intake* have shown that lower fat diets result in similarly disappointing long-term weight and body fat loss vs lower carb diets. If anything, there’s a slight benefit of lower carb diets.
While diet differences often dissipate over the long term, early on people randomly assigned to low carb diets seem to be able to cut more calories and lose more weight than those assigned to a low fat diet.
That’s why we our latest research has turned to studying ad libitum food intake in diets varying widely in carbs:fat whereas our past studies focused on energy expenditure, fat oxidation, and body fat differences during isocaloric controlled feeding.
Besides body weight and fat loss, low carb diets likely have other advantages compared to high carb diets when it comes to glycemic control and insulin secretion as we recently reviewed. Kevin Hall
References:
https://ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26278052
https://ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28193517
https://ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26527510
https://ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30672127
https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03878108
https://ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/296770132 -
A Ketogenic Diet Is Acceptable in Women with Ovarian and Endometrial Cancer and Has No Adverse Effects on Blood Lipids: a Randomized, Controlled Trial
At 12 weeks, there were no significant differences between diet groups in blood lipids, after adjusting for baseline values and weight loss. Adherence among KD subjects ranged from 57% to 80%. These findings suggest that KDs may be a safe and achievable component of treatment for some cancer patients.
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Some cooling off already? Surprised to see this.
Tim Hortons to pull Beyond Meat offerings everywhere except Ontario and B.C.
"While restaurant chains across North America are jumping on the plant-based meat alternative craze, Tim Hortons appears to be taking a step back.
The Canadian coffee and doughnut chain confirmed Wednesday that it will be pulling the Beyond Meat Burger and Beyond Meat breakfast sandwiches from its menus in all provinces except Ontario and British Columbia."
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Pregnant women who suffer from anaemia in the first 30 weeks 'are more likely to have children with autism and ADHD'
Association of Prenatal Maternal Anemia With Neurodevelopmental Disorders
The findings suggest that maternal anemia occurring during early pregnancy is associated with increased risk for autism spectrum disorder, attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, and in particular, intellectual disability, emphasizing the importance of early screening for iron status and nutritional counseling in antenatal care.
Source | Media | Via2 -
Re:Tim Horton’s - may possibly have to do with sales and low demand???2
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I'm sure it's sales related -- if it wasn't they would have pulled them Ontario and British Columbia as well. The demand might be less in the rest of the country because of a demographic thing (more rural communities less inclined to jump on the plant based bandwagon) or maybe it's a price thing? Either or right now it must not be profitable for them in those stores.
Burger King in the US is very happy with having the burgers on their menus -- it's driving higher beef sales and accustoming consumers to higher prices. (from last week)1 -
More plant based news... this is becoming a running theme but I'm happy to see it. People need to be aware that most of what they're reading about plant based food is marketing. Now if they would just stop recommending skim milk...
Most Young Children Shouldn’t Consume Plant-Based Milk, Health Guidelines Say
Oat, coconut, almond, rice, and other plant-based milk should not be consumed by children under the age of 5, according to a new set of health guidelines released on Sept. 18.
Researchers at the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics, the American Academy of Pediatric Dentistry, the American Academy of Pediatrics, and the American Heart Association produced the guidelines.
“Plant-based milks are growing in popularity, but it is important to note that they are not nutritionally equivalent to cow’s milk. They have varying nutritional profiles based on their plant source and many often contain added sugars.”
Media | Source2 -
AlabasterVerve wrote: »More plant based news... this is becoming a running theme but I'm happy to see it. People need to be aware that most of what they're reading about plant based food is marketing. Now if they would just stop recommending skim milk...
Most Young Children Shouldn’t Consume Plant-Based Milk, Health Guidelines Say
Oat, coconut, almond, rice, and other plant-based milk should not be consumed by children under the age of 5, according to a new set of health guidelines released on Sept. 18.
Researchers at the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics, the American Academy of Pediatric Dentistry, the American Academy of Pediatrics, and the American Heart Association produced the guidelines.
“Plant-based milks are growing in popularity, but it is important to note that they are not nutritionally equivalent to cow’s milk. They have varying nutritional profiles based on their plant source and many often contain added sugars.”
Media | Source
This is what I always hurt my head. People would rather have their kids drink a bunch of added sugar, than have a source of milk that contains healthy fats, protein and has less sugar.5 -
They honestly believe it's healthier and want the best for their kids.
I made a post here a few months ago that said, "Meat and eggs are both healthful and more nutritious than bread. If you enjoy them eat them -- they're good for you." That racked up 5 or 6 woos I think. Another poster was replacing eggs with Just Egg (vegan product) for health reasons. People seem ignorant to the nutritional value of animal foods. Which makes the plant based and imitation food marketing campaigns more readily accepted.4 -
AlabasterVerve wrote: »More plant based news... this is becoming a running theme but I'm happy to see it. People need to be aware that most of what they're reading about plant based food is marketing. Now if they would just stop recommending skim milk...
Most Young Children Shouldn’t Consume Plant-Based Milk, Health Guidelines Say
Oat, coconut, almond, rice, and other plant-based milk should not be consumed by children under the age of 5, according to a new set of health guidelines released on Sept. 18.
Researchers at the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics, the American Academy of Pediatric Dentistry, the American Academy of Pediatrics, and the American Heart Association produced the guidelines.
“Plant-based milks are growing in popularity, but it is important to note that they are not nutritionally equivalent to cow’s milk. They have varying nutritional profiles based on their plant source and many often contain added sugars.”
Media | Source
This is what I always hurt my head. People would rather have their kids drink a bunch of added sugar, than have a source of milk that contains healthy fats, protein and has less sugar.
Many plant-based milks have no sugar. You have to choose the ones with added sugar to have more sugar. I personally think the ones with added sugar or flavoring taste disgusting.
I make cashew milk at home and it has lots of fat (cashews) and no sugar, but lower protein than dairy so I wouldn't consider it a significant protein source (ironically it's a better fit for keto or low carb than real milk of whatever kind). I also occasionally buy (selectively) coconut and certain nut milks, same, and soy milk which is more similar to dairy in its macros and nutrients (I also buy goats milk, and cow's yogurt and cottage cheese and all kinds of cheese, I just don't care about cow's milk and so it usually goes bad if I buy it). Nut-based milks are a longstanding option dating from the middle ages, not some new thing.
Re the popularity of non dairy alternatives, worth noting that for most Northern and Western Europeans (or people of such ancestry, as the US was largely until recently), there is no issue with digesting dairy, but for people of other backgrounds (increasingly common among children in the US) lactose intolerance is common and insisting that dairy is the best of all possible drinks is bad advice. My dad's wife (of Korean ancestry) drinks soy milk and has gotten him into it. He claims he thinks he had issues with dairy (which I think is unlikely, but whatever), but no harm IMO, its also no sugar added, and it's not like any kind of dairy was going to be some huge part of his diet (long ago he ditched red meat and all but skim/lowfat dairy and sneer as you like but it fixed his high cholesterol).
Btw, I don't really like most bread and rarely eat it, including when I got fat, but the idea that it's somehow terrible for you is overstated. I do think eggs and dairy are usually preferable (although its not like they are substitutes), just due to protein (in that there are better fiber sources than whole grain bread). But if someone wants to buy an easy turkey sandwich for lunch it's not like they have the option of (or necessarily want) a turkey omelet. My weird anti bread thing is I like plain (real) turkey more than a sandwich, so I'd rather have it with other sides (which might be cottage cheese, but hardly likely to be eggs). Not really a normal trade off IMO, but I suppose fits the anti carb theme of the thread.0 -
Trends in Dietary Carbohydrate, Protein, and Fat Intake and Diet Quality Among US Adults, 1999-2016
Findings In this nationally representative serial cross-sectional study that included 43 996 adults, there were decreases in low-quality carbohydrates (primarily added sugar) and increases in high-quality carbohydrates (primarily whole grains), plant protein (primarily whole grains and nuts), and polyunsaturated fat. However, 42% of energy intake was still derived from low-quality carbohydrates and the intake of saturated fat remained above 10% of energy.
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Should dietary guidelines recommend low red meat intake?
Frédéric Leroy & Nathan Cofnas
The bald claim that red meat is an “unhealthy food” (Willett et al., 2019) is wildly unsupported.
Source
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Eat Less Red Meat, Scientists Said. Now Some Believe That Was Bad Advice.
On Monday, in a remarkable turnabout, an international collaboration of researchers produced a series of analyses concluding that the advice, a bedrock of almost all dietary guidelines, is not backed by good scientific evidence. NY Times
Unprocessed Red Meat and Processed Meat Consumption: Dietary Guideline Recommendations From the Nutritional Recommendations (NutriRECS) Consortium
Methods: The recommendations were developed by using the Nutritional Recommendations (NutriRECS) guideline development process, which includes rigorous systematic review methodology, and GRADE methods to rate the certainty of evidence for each outcome and to move from evidence to recommendations. A panel of 14 members, including 3 community members, from 7 countries voted on the final recommendations. Strict criteria limited the conflicts of interest among panel members. Considerations of environmental impact or animal welfare did not bear on the recommendations. Four systematic reviews addressed the health effects associated with red meat and processed meat consumption, and 1 systematic review addressed people's health-related values and preferences regarding meat consumption.
Recommendations: The panel suggests that adults continue current unprocessed red meat consumption (weak recommendation, low-certainty evidence). Similarly, the panel suggests adults continue current processed meat consumption (weak recommendation, low-certainty evidence).
Primary Funding Source: None.
Source | Critique by Cristopher Gardner (vegetarian, researcher).
More media:
No Need To Cut Back On Red Meat? Controversial New 'Guidelines' Lead To Outrage NPR
Is red meat back on the menu? BBC0 -
Many of our devout beliefs about nutrition are getting totally debunked
Heather Tirado Gilligan, Slate
Nutritionist Marion Nestle and other progressive reformers called foul, denouncing the change. “Really?” Nestle scoffed. “I have a hard time believing that WIC recipients are suffering from lack of potatoes in their diets.”
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He [Willett] placed potatoes in the same naughty group as candy in his influential 2005 book Eat, Drink, and Be Healthy: The Harvard Medical School Guide to Healthy Eating. One of his studies concluded that white potatoes are worse than soda, leading the L.A. Times to dub spuds public enemy No. 1 in 2011.
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But did science really lose? In this case, the potato industry had science on its side, the outcry from nutritionists notwithstanding. Despite the common belief that potatoes are nutritionally null, a report released in February by the Institute of Medicine, an independent nonprofit, shows that white potatoes are an inexpensive source of potassium, fiber, and other needed nutrients, and one that people actually enjoy eating.
The takeaway from the potato controversy is not that lobbyists sometimes base their campaigns on real science. Rather it’s that the David-and-Goliath narrative of science versus Big Ag may be blinding us to another, even bigger problem: the fact that there is often very little solid science backing recommendations about what we eat.
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Keeping Your Blood Sugar In Check Could Lower Your Alzheimer's Risk
"There's many reasons to get [blood sugar] under control," says David Holtzman, chairman of neurology at Washington University in St. Louis. "But this is certainly one."
Holtzman moderated a panel Sunday at the Society for Neuroscience meeting in Chicago that featured new research exploring the links between Alzheimer's and diabetes.
"The risk for dementia is elevated about twofold in people who have diabetes or metabolic syndrome (a group of risk factors that often precedes diabetes)," Holtzman says. "But what's not been clear is, what's the connection?"
One possibility involves the way the brain metabolizes sugar, says Liqin Zhao, an associate professor in the school of pharmacy at the University of Kansas.
Media1 -
The challenge of keeping it off, a descriptive systematic review of high‐quality, follow‐up studies of obesity treatments
This review concludes that the majority of high‐quality follow‐up treatment studies of individuals with obesity are not successful in maintaining weight loss over time. The results suggest that excess weight can be lost but is likely regained over time, for the majority of participants.
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The role of long chain fatty acids in regulating food intake and cholecystokinin release in humans
RESULTS Intraduodenal fat perfusion significantly (p<0.05) reduced calorie intake. Inhibition of fat hydrolysis abolished this effect. Only long chain fatty acids significantly (p<0.05) decreased calorie intake, whereas medium chain fatty acids were ineffective. Infusion of loxiglumide abolished the effect of long chain fatty acids.
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"Blood fatty acid biomarkers of de novo liver fat synthesis - e.g., driven by refined starch, sugar - linked to higher all-cause mortality. Turning on excess liver fat production may be the earliest common path of insulin resistance and diabetes." --Dariush Mozaffarian
Re: Serial Plasma Phospholipid Fatty Acids in the De Novo Lipogenesis Pathway and Total Mortality, Cause‐Specific Mortality, and Cardiovascular Diseases in the Cardiovascular Health Study
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Re: New Evaluation of Isoflavone Exposure in the French Population
Levels of phytoestrogen from #soy now reaching worrying levels in the French population.
Expected to lengthen menstrual cycles, acts as endocrine-disruptors, & display toxic effects on reproduction & on mammary and pituitary carcinoma.
Source | Via
Related:
Removing isoflavones from modern soyfood: Why and how? Source | Via
Dear men: There’s no evidence that eating Impossible Whoppers will give you breasts Media0 -
Re: Katz, Willett, and Hu disgrace themselves once again
Backlash Over Meat Dietary Recommendations Raises Questions About Corporate Ties to Nutrition Scientists
The True Health Initiative (THI) is a nonprofit founded and headed by David Katz, MD. The group’s website describes its work as “fighting fake facts and combating false doubts to create a world free of preventable diseases, using the time-honored, evidence-based, fundamentals of lifestyle and medicine.” Walter Willett, MD, DrPH, and Frank Hu, MD, PhD, Harvard nutrition researchers who are among the top names in their field, serve on the THI council of directors.
Katz, Willett, and Hu took the rare step of contacting Laine about retracting the studies prior to their publication, she recalled in an interview with JAMA. Perhaps that’s not surprising. “Some of the researchers have built their careers on nutrition epidemiology,” Laine said. “I can understand it’s upsetting when the limitations of your work are uncovered and discussed in the open.”
Subsequent news coverage criticized the methodology used in the meat papers and raised the specter that some of the authors had financial ties to the beef industry, representing previously undisclosed conflicts of interest.
But what has for the most part been overlooked is that Katz and THI and many of its council members have numerous industry ties themselves. The difference is that their ties are primarily with companies and organizations that stand to profit if people eat less red meat and a more plant-based diet. Unlike the beef industry, these entities are surrounded by an aura of health and wellness, although that isn’t necessarily evidence-based.
Full Article
Related: Siephan Guyenet cuts ties with the group
"I was very disappointed to read this article describing attempts by the True Health Initiative to suppress the series of meta-analyses on red meat that was recently published in Annals of Internal Medicine. As a result of this, I've cut my ties with THI.
This isn't about whose opinions on red meat are right or wrong. It's about the integrity of the scientific method. I hope THI can find a better path forward." -Stephan Guyenet, PhD
Reference:AlabasterVerve wrote: »Eat Less Red Meat, Scientists Said. Now Some Believe That Was Bad Advice.
On Monday, in a remarkable turnabout, an international collaboration of researchers produced a series of analyses concluding that the advice, a bedrock of almost all dietary guidelines, is not backed by good scientific evidence. NY Times
Unprocessed Red Meat and Processed Meat Consumption: Dietary Guideline Recommendations From the Nutritional Recommendations (NutriRECS) Consortium
Methods: The recommendations were developed by using the Nutritional Recommendations (NutriRECS) guideline development process, which includes rigorous systematic review methodology, and GRADE methods to rate the certainty of evidence for each outcome and to move from evidence to recommendations. A panel of 14 members, including 3 community members, from 7 countries voted on the final recommendations. Strict criteria limited the conflicts of interest among panel members. Considerations of environmental impact or animal welfare did not bear on the recommendations. Four systematic reviews addressed the health effects associated with red meat and processed meat consumption, and 1 systematic review addressed people's health-related values and preferences regarding meat consumption.
Recommendations: The panel suggests that adults continue current unprocessed red meat consumption (weak recommendation, low-certainty evidence). Similarly, the panel suggests adults continue current processed meat consumption (weak recommendation, low-certainty evidence).
Primary Funding Source: None.
Source | Critique by Cristopher Gardner (vegetarian, researcher).
More media:
No Need To Cut Back On Red Meat? Controversial New 'Guidelines' Lead To Outrage NPR
Is red meat back on the menu? BBC
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Don't drink sugar.
Fructose and hepatic insulin resistance
In this review, we present the data invoking fructose intake with development of hepatic insulin resistance in human studies and discuss the pathways by which fructose impairs hepatic insulin action in experimental animal models. First, we described well-characterized pathways by which fructose metabolism indirectly leads to hepatic insulin resistance. These include unequivocal effects of fructose to promote de novo lipogenesis (DNL), impair fatty acid oxidation (FAO), induce endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and trigger hepatic inflammation.
In summary, dietary fructose intake strongly promotes hepatic insulin resistance via complex interplay of several metabolic pathways, at least some of which are independent of increased weight gain and caloric intake. The current evidence shows that the fructose, but not glucose, component of dietary sugar drives metabolic complications and contradicts the notion that fructose is merely a source of palatable calories that leads to increased weight gain and insulin resistance.
Full Review | Via0 -
This is becoming a thing. Here's another study with improved kidney function.
Very Low-Calorie Ketogenic Diet: A Safe and Effective Tool for Weight Loss in Patients With Obesity and Mild Kidney Failure.
A prospective observational real-life study was conducted on ninety-two patients following a VLCKD for approximately 3 months. Thirty-eight had mild kidney failure and fifty-four had no renal condition and were therefore designated as control. Anthropometric parameters, bioelectrical impedance and biochemistry data were collected before and at the end of the dietary intervention. The average weight loss was nearly 20% of initial weight, with a significant reduction in fat mass. We report an improvement of metabolic parameters and no clinically relevant variation regarding liver and kidney function. Upon stratification based on kidney function, no differences in the efficacy and safety outcomes were found. Interestingly, 27.7% of patients with mild renal failure reported normalization of glomerular filtrate after dietary intervention.
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Pretty sure there's been some association with increased mortality and salt restriction so this tweet caught my eye. "Salt restriction worsened death and #heartfailure rehospitalization in HF patients @pacificheart by Dr. Richard Wright."
Supporting science is thin at best right now I think--IDK? Some links in the thread if anyone is curious.0 -
Inuit metabolism revisited: what drove the selective sweep of CPT1a L479?
Recent hypotheses predict that this variant may have been selected in response to possible detrimental effects of chronic ketosis in communities with very low carbohydrate consumption. Assessing these hypotheses alongside several alternative explanations of the selective sweep, this analytical review challenges the notion that the selection of L479 is linked to predicted detrimental effects of ketosis.
Source | Via
Related:AlabasterVerve wrote: »Videos:- Stephan Guyenet: AHS17 Where do cravings come from?
0 - Stephan Guyenet: AHS17 Where do cravings come from?
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Baby-formula sales are slumping, so the companies that make it have turned to supplements for 3-year-olds.
as infant-formula sales have slumped in recent years, baby-formula companies are starting to see toddler milk as their next move as well.
Toddler milk is the fastest-growing category of breast-milk substitutes, according to the World Health Organization, and is now available at grocery stores and on websites such as Amazon. But child-nutrition experts say this type of milk is expensive, unnecessary, and possibly even unhealthy. Although toddler milk can cost four times the price of cow’s milk, the drink consists mainly of powdered milk, corn syrup, and vegetable oil.
Re: US toddler milk sales and associations with marketing practices
Media | Source | Via
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To treat or not to treat Alzheimer's disease by the ketogenic diet? That is the question.
Several pilot studies in patients with AD have shown that supplementation with ketogenic diet improves cognitive function, verbal memory, mood, affect, self-care, daily activities, visual attention and working memory (Taylor et al., 2017; Ota et al., 2019; Rusek et al., 2019).
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There is no doubt that due to comprehensive data from preclinical studies, along with the first results of individual patients or small cohorts (Rusek et al., 2019), the next task must be to test ketogenic diet in well-designed clinical trials. However, the biggest challenge will be finding sponsors for clinical trials on ketogenic diet as this promising diet cannot be exploited economically. Further double-blind investigations are needed to clarify the effectiveness of taking the ketogenic diet.
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Important roles of dietary taurine, creatine, carnosine, anserine and 4-hydroxyproline in human nutrition and health
The present review provides the public with the much-needed knowledge of nutritionally and physiologically significant amino acids, dipeptides and creatine in animal-source foods (including beef).
This work was supported by a grant from the National Cattlemen's Beef Association.
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Leading Scientists Agree: Current Limits on Saturated Fats No Longer Justified
“There is no strong scientific evidence that the current population-wide upper limits on commonly consumed saturated fats in the U.S. will prevent cardiovascular disease or reduce mortality. A continued limit on these fats is therefore not justified.”
These leading researchers in the field also concluded that:- Numerous recent meta-analyses of both controlled randomized trials and observational studies have found no significant evidence for effects of saturated fat consumption on cardiovascular or total mortality. Furthermore, there is evidence that saturated-fat intake may be associated with a lower risk of experiencing a stroke.
- Recommendations to lower saturated fat consumption have been based primarily on the evidence that this will lower LDL, the type of cholesterol in the blood that has been linked to heart disease risk. However, it is now known that there is more than one type of LDL, and that in the majority of individuals, reducing dietary saturated fat does not lower the type (small dense LDL) that is most strongly associated with heart-disease risk. This may help to explain why lowering saturated fat intake in trials has not been found to reduce cardiovascular mortality.
Researchers:Arne Astrup, MD, DMSc, Co-Chair
Ronald M. Krauss, MD, Co-Chair
Andrew Mente, MSc, PhD
Janet King, PhD
J. Thomas Brenna, PhD
Jose M Ordovas,PhD
Marcia C. de Oliveira Otto, M.S. PhD
Jeff Volek, PhD, RD
James O. Hill, PhD
Salim Yusuf, DPhil, FRCPC, FRSC, O.C. ‘
Source0 - Numerous recent meta-analyses of both controlled randomized trials and observational studies have found no significant evidence for effects of saturated fat consumption on cardiovascular or total mortality. Furthermore, there is evidence that saturated-fat intake may be associated with a lower risk of experiencing a stroke.
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